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Information on national adaptation actions reported under the Governance Regulation

Reporting updated until: 2023-05-30

Item Status Links
Climate Law (including adaptation)
  • actual adaptation policy (adopted)
National Adaptation Strategy (NAS)
  • actual adaptation policy (adopted)
National Adaptation Plan (NAP)
  • actual adaptation policy (adopted)
Other (specify below)
  • actual adaptation policy (adopted)
Meteorological observations
  • Established
  • Established
Climate projections and services
  • Being developed
Adaptation portals and platforms
Monitoring, reporting and evaluation (MRE) indicators and methodologies
Key reports and publications
National communication to the UNFCCC
Governance regulation adaptation reporting
According to a report published in 2016 by the EEA, Luxembourg is part of the biogeographical “Continental Region” area as defined under the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). The threats identified for this peculiar region are:
- increase in heat extremes
- decrease in summer precipitation
- increasing risks of river floods
- increasing risk of forest fire
- decrease in economic value of forests
- increase in energy demand for cooling.

In the National Adaptation strategy, these threats have all been identified as relevant for Luxembourg.
At the beginning of 2022, the population of Luxembourg amounted to 645.397 inhabitants (320.333 women and 324.064 men). 21,09 % were under 20 year old and 14,75% were over 65 years old.

The average annual growth rate of the resident population of Luxembourg is high compared to the rates of its neighboring regions. Demographic growth in Luxembourg is dominated by immigration and at the end of 2020, 47.1% of the residential population did not have the citizenship of Luxembourg. This percentage was 29,4% in 1991. The main driver behind these demographic trends is the economic restructuring and development of the country towards the tertiary sector coupled with attractive wages. According to different population projections derived from past statistical data, population forecasts is a continuation of the demographic trend in Luxembourg.

https://statistiques.public.lu/[…]/demographie-en-chiffre-22.pdf
The economic cycle in Luxembourg follows that of other European countries, but the amplitude of the GDP variations is more pronounced. This is a common feature of small economies, open to the outside world, and therefore more vulnerable to external shocks.

The economic restructuring and development of the country towards the tertiary sector in the mid-1980s led to the following economic cycles since 1990:
- up to 1992, the continuation of the exceptional growth initiated around 1985
- the effects of the economic slowdown in Luxembourg during the period between 1992 and 1996 and the economic downturn in 2001 – as well as the less impressive growth in 2002-2004 – which is mirrored by a stagnation of the GDP level per inhabitant in Luxembourg in comparison with the EU-15
- the good economic performance of Luxembourg between 2005 and 2008
- the financial and economic crisis that started end 2008 and that has been particularly pronounced in the first semester of 2009
- from 2010 onwards, a very slow recovery could be observed, though it flattened quickly for the industry and commercial sectors

Nowadays, gross value added is mainly generated in the financial intermediation (banking and insurances), real estate and services to business sector. It is therefore obvious that the financial sector has been the principal engine driving the economy for almost three decades. Luxembourg is a global leader in the investment fund industry as well as the Euro area's private banking centre.
The data used for the current NAS and NAP are based on climate projections using numerical models. Data are based on the results of regional climate models (RCM) from the EU FP6 Ensemble project. The RCMs were powered by various global climate models. The horizontal resolution of the RCMs is 25 km. The result fields of the RCMs were bias-corrected (quantile mapping) to reduce systematic errors. There are transient time series for air temperature and precipitation. In addition, a spatially high-resolution climate projection (1.3 km), which is also based on the A1B emission scenario and was calculated using the COSMO-CLM model, is used. This work was done by the Luxembourgish Institute for Science and Technology (LIST).

Future projections predict on the one hand an increase in average temperature. While the average temperature was 8.1 ° C for the reference period 1961 to 1990, it is expected to rise to 9.2 ° C for the period 2021 to 2050 and to 11.2° C for the period 2069 to 2098. There will also be an increase in summer days above 25 ° C and tropical nights above 20 ° C.

Future projections for annual precipitation indicate some stability. Average precipitation for the 1961 to 1990 reference period was 880 mm. Rainfall should be 862mm for the period 2021 to 2050 and 845mm for the period 2069 to 2098. Seasonal variations however are expected, with more rain in winter and less precipitation in summer. Added to this is an increase in heavy rain in summer is expected.

Updated high-resolution climate change projections for Luxembourg are being carried out by the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology and should be integrated in the updated version of the NAS/NAP.
Considerable uncertainties remain with regard to climate monitoring and climate simulations. As gaps in the monitoring networks and measurement errors affect observation data as well as the models based on them, it is important to further extend existing monitoring networks (e.g. enhanced monitoring of low flows) in order to better track changes taking place and to improve their interpretation.

Impacts of extreme climatic events are not systematically monitored. Information on the amount of material and financial loss is only partially collected by some authorities. During environmental disasters, the Ministry of the Family sets up a Social Relief Commission ("Commission de secours sociaux demandés à la suite de catastrophes naturelles") to help victims. In the same way, the insurance commissioner has some information about the number of people compensated. However, not all affected people make use of the Social Relief Commission or the insurance companies. The information collected, therefore, only concerns the persons who contact these two different institutions.

Other ministries collect some data for their fields of action (eg Agriculture for farm losses). An interministerial working group on natural disasters was launched in 2022 by the Ministry of State. A better approach and overview could possibly result from this work.
In Luxembourg, a thorough vulnerability assessment has not been done yet.

Changes in temperature and rainfall will have an impact for several areas in Luxembourg. In Luxembourg, the vegetation period is expected to be initiated earlier in spring and to last longer into autumn. During the early stages of the vegetation period this might cause an increased risk of frost damages to vegetation. Furthermore, the temperature changes have an impact on the bio-geography of plants and animals with new species with a Mediterranean distribution, formerly unknown in Luxembourg. This will have a direct impact on agriculture and on forestry. Projected climate changes will also affect wheat crop production both in the main processes of plant growth and development but also in the occurrences and severities of plant diseases. For the Luxembourgish grape and associated wine production, late frost represents a significant hazard. Increasing air temperatures due to climate change might advance grape budburst and later frost events in spring.

The climate projections for the second half of this century will also have significant impacts on public health conditions in Luxembourg. The danger of increasing heat exposure for the population in Luxembourg is most severe in urban areas with high building densities due to the increased thermal storage capacity and night time thermal emissions.

With regard to water, the most analysed phenomena so far are floods. It is known that, due to major redistributions of, essentially, winter rainfalls a higher inundation frequency has been documented. On the opposite, a lack of precipitations over an extended period (especially in summer) may lead to a hydrological drought which results in a decrease of available water reserves in aquifers, lakes and groundwater sheets. Increased rainfall may lead to a deterioration of the groundwater and surface water quality due to reinforced soil erosion and faster water infiltration into the soil.
Hazard type Acute/Chronic Observed climate hazards
WaterAcuteDrought
Flood
Heavy precipitation
ChronicChanging precipitation patterns and types
Precipitation hydrological variability
Water scarcity
Solid massAcuteLandslide
ChronicSoil erosion
TemperatureAcuteHeat wave
Wildfire
ChronicChanging temperature
Temperature variability
WindAcuteStorm
Tornado
Chronic
Hazard type Acute/Chronic Future climate hazards Qualitative trend
WaterAcuteDroughtsignificantly increasing
Floodsignificantly increasing
Heavy precipitationsignificantly increasing
ChronicChanging precipitation patterns and typessignificantly increasing
Precipitation hydrological variabilitywithout significant change
Water scarcitysignificantly increasing
Solid massAcuteLandslide Futurewithout significant change
ChronicSoil erosionsignificantly increasing
TemperatureAcuteHeat wavesignificantly increasing
Wildfiresignificantly increasing
ChronicChanging temperaturesignificantly increasing
Temperature variabilitysignificantly increasing
WindAcuteStormsignificantly increasing
Tornadoevolution uncertain or unknown
Chronic
Future projections predict an increase in average temperature and some variability in precipitation.

The long-term average temperature for the reference period 1961 to 1990 is 8.3°C, 9.3°C for 1981 to 2010, and 9.9°C for 1991 o 2020. The lowest annual average was recorded in 1956 with 7.1°C, the highest average with 11.3°C in 2020. The projected increase of the near surface air temperatures until end of this century is 2.1°C for minimum and maximum annual temperatures and 2.2°C for the annual mean temperature.

In contrast to air temperature, the mean values for the three reference periods do not show a homogenies trend. After an increase of 50 mm between the 30-years periods 1961 to 1990 and 1981 to 2010 a decrease by 66 mm between 1981 to 2010 and 1991 to 2020 could be observed. With 541 mm the year 1976 was the driest, 1988 with 1202 mm the wettest. All five years between 2017 and 2021 show annual totals below 800 mm.

These changes are already visible and put pressure on different activities and on the environment, as for example:
- more severe and intense flash flood events in summer
- less groundwater recharge (pressure on drinking water distribution)
- drought events (impact on agriculture harvest, forests, pressure on drinking water distribution)
- Heat events (thermal stress)
- Increase in invasive alien species

Key affected sectors

Key affected sector(s)water management
Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitudehigh
Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards
AssessmentWith regard to water, the most analysed phenomena so far are floods. It is known that, due to major redistributions of, essentially, winter rainfalls a higher inundation frequency has been documented. On the opposite, a lack of precipitations over an extended period (especially in summer) may lead to a hydrological drought which results in a decrease of available water reserves in aquifers, lakes and groundwater sheets. Increased rainfall may lead to a deterioration of the groundwater and surface water quality due to reinforced soil erosion and faster water infiltration into the soil.
Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climatehigh
Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate
Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacitymedium
Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity
AssessmentAlthough the impacts to be expected for the water sector present a high risk, the infrastructures and the preparation of the sector are quite good, which reduces the vulnerability of the sector. In particular, measures are in place to cope with periods of drought and thus guarantee the supply of water for human consumption. The government has also designated protection zones around more than 80% of groundwater catchments and 100% of surface water used for food. Thanks to this protection pollution must be avoided. New sources of supply are also assured with the construction of a new drinking water treatment plant (officially inaugurated in June 2023). in terms of protection against floods, Luxembourg has in place a system for monitoring the levels of watercourses which is freely accessible (www.floods.lu). With the implementation of the measures included in the flood risk management plan, the risk must be reduced. In addition to the mandatory maps resulting from the Floods Directive, maps for flash floods were published in 2019.
Rating for the risk of potential future impactsmedium
Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts
AssessmentThe measures put in place and described above aim to reduce potential impacts and to have a more resilient society and water sector.

Overview of institutional arrangements and governance at the national level

Luxembourg has no thorough vulnerability assessment. Sector-based vulnerability assessments were completed through a water lens, such as used in the ENSEMBLES project. Preliminary sectoral vulnerability analyses were completed for agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, drought, human health, infrastructure and economy on the basis of expert judgement. The vulnerability analysis for water and floods is more sophisticated and based on monitoring data and projections from the ICPR and the ICPMS.
As indicated above, the NAS and NAP were adopted in 2018 and cover the period 2018-2023. The Ministry of Environment, Climate and Sustainable Development is in charge of coordinating measures and reviewing the SIN and NAP at the end of the period 2018-2023.

The climate law provides that no later than January 1, 2029, and every ten years thereafter, the Government will establish an adaptation strategy to the effects of climate change with a horizon of at least fifty. The adaptation strategy is then updated every five years, where applicable. The current adaptation strategy was approved in 2018, so before the publication of the climate law. The NAS and NAP will therefore be updated in accordance with the provisions of the climate law. The updating process will start in 2023.
The current NAS and NAP have not been subject to an environmental assessment. For future plans and strategies or updates, it is nevertheless planned to carry out an environmental impact assessment in order to transparently and objectively identify, describe and assess significant environmental impacts.
In 2020, a national platform for disaster risk reduction was set up and an interministerial committee was set up under the chairmanship of the DRR focal point. The focal point in charge of implementing the NAS is also a member of this platform. Likewise, as part of the implementation of the NAS and NAP, each ministry has also designated a person responsible for inter-ministerial coordination. The DRR representative is nominated as the contact person for the NAS and NAP.

These mutual exchanges and these different interministerial platforms or joint ventures will further strengthen the synergies between the different frameworks.
All data or information collected in the context of the implementation of the adaptation strategy and plan will be accessible and publicly available.
Based on past observations and future projections, measures have been proposed for the main consequences. A total of 42 measures have been developed for 13 different sectors. The implementation period is 2018-2023.

Given the territorial organization of Luxembourg, there is no administrative level between the State and the communes. The NAS and the NAP is therefore valid for the entire Luxembourg territory.

On national level, article 12 of the national climate constitutes the legal basis of NAS and NAP. The current adaptation strategy was approved in 2018, so before the publication of the climate law. The NAS and NAP will therefore be updated in accordance with the provisions of the climate law. The updating process will start in 2023.
One of the main challenge is the lack of relevant data, particularly with regard to the local impact of climate change. Impacts of extreme climatic events are for example not systematically monitored. Information on the amount of material and financial loss is only partially collected by some authorities. During environmental disasters, the Ministry of the Family for example sets up a Social Relief Commission ("Commission de secours sociaux demandés à la suite de catastrophes naturelles") to help victims. In the same way, the insurance commissioner has some information about the number of people compensated. However, not all affected persons make use of the Social Relief Commission or the insurance companies. The information collected, therefore, only concerns the persons who contact these two different institutions. Consequently, as not all data is being kept (e.g., on casualties or financial losses).

In addition, the effects of climate change are not always immediately visible and perceptible, and above all, the benefits of adaptation measures to climate change have a long-term effect. However, the long term is less concrete for many actors (public, private and the population).

The definition of indicators is also a difficulty during the implementation of the strategy. When updating the NAS and NAP, indicators will be defined to monitor the implementation of the measure. However, it is difficult to set indicators to assess whether a sector is sufficiently adapted to the effects of climate change.
The NAS and NAP were developed based on past observations and future projections of the effects of climate change.

In order to set up measures an evaluation grid was establishes. By combining the probability of occurrence of the impact with the importance of this impact for Luxembourg, a total of 42 measures in 13 different sectors have been developed. The different sectors are:
- Building and living
- Energy
- Infrastructures
- Crisis and disaster management
- Land-use planning
- Agriculture including herbal and animal health
- Human health
- Ecosystems and biodiversity
- Tourism
- Urban areas
- Water management
- Economy

The measures are of a win-win nature or can be considered as low-regret measures. For each measure is indicated a responsible entity for the implementation. The measures identified in the NAP are not rigid, but offer a framework and provide various examples for implementing actions to deal with the expected impact. It is left to each entity to decide on the most relevant and urgent action. The philosophy and main objective of the NAS and that the notion of adaptation to climate change is gradually integrated into all policy areas.

The measures have not been budgeted and there is no separate budget solely for the implementation of the NAS and NAP. The implementation will have to be done within the framework of the current resources of the different Ministries and administrations. The implementation is planned for the period 2018-2023. The NAS and NAP will thereafter be updated in accordance with the provisions of the climate law. The updating process will start in 2023.
As descripted in above, the NAS and NAP foresees 42 measures in 13 different sectors:
- Building and living
- Energy
- Infrastructures
- Crisis and disaster management
- Land-use planning
- Agriculture including herbal and animal health
- Human health
- Ecosystems and biodiversity
- Tourism
- Urban areas
- Water management
- Economy

Each of these sectoral policies has a dedicated chapter and dedicated measures. The philosophy and main objective of the NAS and that the notion of adaptation to climate change is gradually integrated into all policy areas.

With the update of the adaptation strategy, it is planned to have new fields of action: Governance, international context, Awareness raising, etc.

Regarding DRR, a national platform for disaster risk reduction was set up and an interministerial committee was set up under the chairmanship of the DRR focal point. The focal point in charge of implementing the NAS is also a member of this platform. Likewise, as part of the implementation of the NAS and NAP, each ministry has also designated a person responsible for inter-ministerial coordination. The DRR representative is nominated as the contact person for the NAS and NAP. These mutual exchanges and these different interministerial platforms or joint ventures will further strengthen the synergies between the different frameworks.
Given the small size and the nature of the administrative organisation of Luxembourg, climate adaptation policy is entirely driven at national level. There is no self-governing sub-national level in Luxembourg and there is no sub-national strategy or plan.

Municipalities are nevertheless involved in climate mitigation and adaptation policy through a Climate Pact between the State and the municipalities (https://www.pacteclimat.lu) as through a Nature Pact (https://www.pactenature.lu). All 102 communes of Luxembourg are engaged under the Climate Pact and 88 in the Nature Pact, the national level can financially support communes to implement mitigation, energy efficiency and adaptation measures. The Pact provides an appropriate platform for future engagement of the communes on climate adaptation. With the launch of the “Naturpakt”, municipalities will also have a catalogue of measures where at local level measures will help to tackle biodiversity and climate change issues.

The climate pact provides for different certifications depending on the level of implementation (bronze, silver and gold), as well as thematic certifications (circular economy, adaptation to climate change and air quality). Several measures of the catalogue of measures are therefore expressly referred to as adaptation measures.
The above mentioned Pacte Climat at municipality level promotes citizen participation in climate change issues. Furthermore, there are some local-level organisations involved in the implementation of climate measures, as for example Klimabuendnis or EmweltBeroodungLëtzebuerg.

At national level, the development of the NAS was undertaken during several working group sessions to which the private sector participated (representatives from agriculture, citizens, NGOs, finance and industry sector).

Selection of actions and (programmes of) measures

Not reported
MeteoLux, the national weather service in Luxembourg, a department of the Aviation Administration of the Minister for Mobility and Public Works, operates one meteorological synoptic station and one aeronautical meteorological station, both located at Luxembourg airport. Climate data is recorded by MeteoLux from the Administration de la Navigation Aérienne du Luxembourg, using data collection from the Findel/Airport meteorological station (WMO ID = 06590). The station has collected all relevant meteorological variables, such as air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, wind direction and various radiation variables, since 1947. Further climate data is obtained through collaboration, as Luxembourg is a member of the European National Meteorological Services Network and the European Space Agency. In addition, Luxembourg has its own hydro-climatic monitoring network, with stations maintained by the Water Agency, the Civil Defence Service and the Agriculture Technical Services Administration. MeteoLux publishes monthly summaries of the weather, using as a reference period 1981-2010. Annual climate reports compare annual data to the 1961-1990 reference period and note “extremes and peculiarities”, such as the heat wave in September 2020. The Climate Data Management System (CLiSys) has been implemented by MeteoLux since 2011, allowing the import of historical data and time series. This monitoring is used, for instance, to help inform the design of flood protection measures.
Each measure described in the NAP provides indicators for monitoring the progress of the implementation of the measure. These indicators will help to assess whether the measures have been implemented and will also identify difficulties in implementation.

The definition of indicators is however a difficulty during the implementation of the strategy. When updating the NAS and NAP, indicators will be defined to monitor the implementation of the measure. However, it is difficult to set indicators to assess whether a sector is sufficiently adapted to the effects of climate change.
An evaluation will take place for the update of the NAS. The updating process will start in 2023.
An evaluation will take place for the update of the NAS. The updating process will start in 2023.
An evaluation will take place for the update of the NAS. The updating process will start in 2023.
An evaluation will take place for the update of the NAS. The updating process will start in 2023.
An evaluation will take place for the update of the NAS. The updating process will start in 2023.
The implementation is planned for the period 2018-2023. The NAS and NAP will thereafter be updated in accordance with the provisions of the climate law and new priorities will be set. The updating process will start in 2023.
An evaluation will take place for the update of the NAS. The updating process will start in 2023.
In Luxembourg, a thorough vulnerability assessment has not been done yet.
The implementation is planned for the period 2018-2023. The NAS and NAP will thereafter be updated in accordance with the provisions of the climate law and new priorities will be set. The updating process will start in 2023.

Good practices and lessons learnt

Municipalities are involved in climate mitigation and adaptation policy through a Climate Pact, providing an appropriate platform for future engagement of the communes on climate adaptation. With the launch of the “Naturpakt”, municipalities will also have a catalogue of measures where at local level measures will help to tackle biodiversity and climate change issues.

The climate pact provides a new thematic certification (adaptation to climate change).

Cooperation and experience

Transboundary cooperation addresses common challenges with neighbouring countries (Belgium, France and Germany). Cooperation is mainly in the framework of the international bodies for the Rhine, Moselle, Sarre and Meuse river basins. As an example, Luxembourg took part in the development of the Adaptation Strategy for the Rhine Basin.

Moreover, within the framework of the BENELUX cooperation, working groups dedicated to climate change and transboundary impacts take place, in addition to the exercises simulating different scenarios. In 2021, new policy areas, such as water management and local adaptation management will also be topic at the Benelux cooperation.
Transboundary cooperation addresses common challenges with neighbouring countries (Belgium, France and Germany). Cooperation is mainly in the framework of the international bodies for the Rhine, Moselle, Sarre and Meuse river basins. As an example, Luxembourg took part in the development of the Adaptation Strategy for the Rhine Basin.

Moreover, within the framework of the BENELUX cooperation, working groups dedicated to climate change and transboundary impacts take place, in addition to the exercises simulating different scenarios. In 2021, new policy areas, such as water management and local adaptation management will also be topic at the Benelux cooperation.
Transboundary cooperation addresses common challenges with neighbouring countries (Belgium, France and Germany). Cooperation is mainly in the framework of the international bodies for the Rhine, Moselle, Sarre and Meuse river basins. As an example, Luxembourg took part in the development of the Adaptation Strategy for the Rhine Basin.

Moreover, within the framework of the BENELUX cooperation, working groups dedicated to climate change and transboundary impacts take place, in addition to the exercises simulating different scenarios. In 2021, new policy areas, such as water management and local adaptation management will also be topic at the Benelux cooperation.

Overview of institutional arrangements and governance at the sub-national level (where “sub-national” refers to local and regional)

Municipalities are involved in climate mitigation and adaptation policy through a Climate Pact, providing an appropriate platform for future engagement of the communes on climate adaptation. With the launch of the “Naturpakt”, municipalities will also have a catalogue of measures where at local level measures will help to tackle biodiversity and climate change issues.

The climate pact provides a new thematic certification (adaptation to climate change).
The above-mentioned Climate Pact can be considered as a good practice example for local climate change adaptation initiative.

On water topics the water law created so-called river-partnerships and flooding-partnerships. These structures group together the municipalities according to the watersheds and have as objectives the implementation of measures included in the River Basin management plan and flood management plan.

With the launch of the “Naturpakt”, municipalities will have a catalogue of measures where at local level measures will help to tackle biodiversity and climate change issues.
Given the small size and the nature of the administrative organisation of Luxembourg, climate adaptation policy is entirely driven at national level. There is no self-governing sub-national level in Luxembourg and there is no sub-national strategy or plan.

Municipalities are nevertheless involved in climate mitigation and adaptation policy through a Climate Pact between the State and the municipalities (https://www.pacteclimat.lu) as through a Nature Pact (https://www.pactenature.lu). All 102 communes of Luxembourg are engaged under the Climate Pact and 88 in the Nature Pact, the national level can financially support communes to implement mitigation, energy efficiency and adaptation measures. The Pact provides an appropriate platform for future engagement of the communes on climate adaptation. With the launch of the “Naturpakt”, municipalities will also have a catalogue of measures where at local level measures will help to tackle biodiversity and climate change issues.

The climate pact provides for different certifications depending on the level of implementation (bronze, silver and gold), as well as thematic certifications (circular economy, adaptation to climate change and air quality). Several measures of the catalogue of measures are therefore expressly referred to as adaptation measures.
The above-mentioned Climate Pact can be considered as a good practice example for stakeholder engagement, given that the climate pact creates the structure of "climate teams" bringing together anyone wishing to engage with the municipality for the implementation and monitoring of measures.
The above-mentioned Climate Pact can be considered as a good practice example for stakeholder engagement, given that the climate pact creates the structure of "climate teams" bringing together anyone wishing to engage with the municipality for the implementation and monitoring of measures.
Given the small size and the nature of the administrative organisation of Luxembourg, climate adaptation policy is entirely driven at national level. There is no self-governing sub-national level in Luxembourg.
Given the small size and the nature of the administrative organisation of Luxembourg, climate adaptation policy is entirely driven at national level.
Transboundary cooperation addresses common challenges with neighbouring countries (Belgium, France and Germany). Cooperation is mainly in the framework of the international bodies for the Rhine, Moselle, Sarre and Meuse river basins. As an example, Luxembourg took part in the development of the Adaptation Strategy for the Rhine Basin.

It is nevertheless to be noted, that there is no self-governing sub-national level in Luxembourg.

Ministry of the Environment, Climate and Sustainable Development

D2 : Direction des Ressources naturelles et des forêts
Establishing national adaptation plans & strategies, coordinating adaptation policies, reporting.
Bruno Alves
Focal point
[Disclaimer]
The source of information presented in these pages is the reporting of EU Member States under 'Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action' and the voluntary reporting of EEA Member Countries.'