Planning for Climatic Extremes and Variability: A Review of Swedish Municipalities’ Adaptation Responses

In Sweden, climate change work at the city level emerged in 1996 and has long had a focus on mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. City planners’ “adaptation turn” is recent and still ongoing. This paper presents a meta-evaluation of Swedish municipal adaptation approaches, and how they relate to institutional structures at different levels. Opportunities for advancing a more comprehensive approach to sustainable adaptation planning at both the local and institutional level are discussed.