Heat negatively affects human health. Age, pre-existing medical conditions and social deprivation together with working and living conditions co-determine the vulnerability of people and the severity of adverse health outcomes
Indicators collection
Climatic conditions across Europe are becoming more suitable for emergence and transmission of climate‑sensitive infectious diseases. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (tiger mosquito) mosquitoes
Vibrio bacteria are found in lowly saline, warm waters and can cause a range of human infections, including gastroenteritis, wound infections or blood poisoning (septicaemia). This indicator assesses the influence of a changing climate on the environmental suitability for the transmission of these infectious diseases
There was no discernible trend in European ozone concentrations between 2003 and 2012, in terms of the annual mean of the daily maximum eight hour average measured at any type of station. It is difficult to attribute observed ozone exceedences, or changes therein, to individual causes such as climate change
People over 65 years of age, particularly those with chronic medical conditions (such as diabetes and heart, lung and kidney disease), are among the most vulnerable to the health effects of heatwaves. Their exposure to heatwaves can lead to negative health outcomes
Context The mean radiant temperature (MRT) is a human biometeorology parameter that is used to assess the linkages between the outdoor environment and human well‐being. Thermal comfort indices describe how the human body experiences atmospheric conditions, specifically air temperature, humidity, wind and radiation
Context The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) is a human biometeorology parameter that is used to assess the linkages between outdoor environment and human well‐being. Thermal comfort indices describe how the human body experiences atmospheric conditions, specifically air temperature, humidity, wind and radiation
Context The Canadian Fire Weather Index System (FWI) is used to assess fire danger in a harmonized way across Europe. The FWI uses information about fuel moisture and weather conditions to determine fire behaviour
Climatic conditions across Europe are becoming more suitable for emergence and transmission of climate‑sensitive infectious diseases. Zika is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitos
Heat negatively affects human health and can be fatal. It can cause heat stress and dehydration, worsen heart, respiratory and kidney diseases, or even lead to heat stroke
The impact of pollen allergens on human health is primarily manifested by allergic diseases. Exposure to allergens from airborne pollen or their inhalation can trigger allergic responses of nose, eyes and bronchi (asthma)
Climatic conditions across Europe are becoming more suitable for emergence and transmission of climate‑sensitive infectious diseases. Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and spread to humans via mosquitos
Climatic conditions across Europe are becoming more suitable for emergence and transmission of climate‑sensitive infectious diseases. West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus causing mild to severe fevers and potentially other health conditions
Climatic conditions across Europe are becoming more suitable for emergence and transmission of climate‑sensitive infectious diseases. Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (tiger mosquito) mosquitoes
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The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) days index is relevant to human health. This Index is part of the Extreme Heat Hazard type of the Heat and Cold category of the classification
The Tiger Mosquito Climatic Season Length index is relevant to human health. The tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is an invasive species from south-east Asia favoured by a warmer climate and represents a serious threat as it transmits vector-borne diseases such as dengue and chikungunya
The Tropical Nights index is relevant to human health. This index is based on daily minimum temperature and is part of the Extreme Heat Hazard type of the Heat and Cold category of the classification
The Apparent Temperature Heatwave Days index is relevant to human health. This Index is part of the Extreme Heat Hazard type of the Heat and Cold category of the classification
The Climatological Heatwave Days index is relevant to human health, agriculture, energy, wildfire and infrastructure. This Index is part of the Extreme Heat Hazard type of the Heat and Cold category of the classification
The Tiger Mosquito Climatic Suitability index is relevant to human health. The tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is an invasive species from south-east Asia favoured by a warmer climate and represents a serious threat as it transmits vector-borne diseases such as dengue and chikungunya
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