Flooding
In Europe, the natural hazards that cause the highest economic losses are flooding and storms. In warmer climates that intensify the water cycle, projections show a further increase in the risk of river floods in many western European and central eastern European areas. Urban drainage flooding is also expected, particularly in western and northern Europe, and so are coastal floods. Flood risks in a city can be strongly impacted by factors outside the city boundaries, such as upstream river management |
Factors that tend to increase the vulnerability to flooding by rivers, sea or heavy rain fall… |
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High share of low-lying urban areas, potentially prone to flooding |
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Increasing the share of green urban areas |
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High share assets (commercial, residential areas) in potentially flood prone areas |
Commitment to fight climate change - awarenes of and trust in the city governance |
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Key services like transport and energy infrastructure in potentially flood prone areas |
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Increase of frequency and level of river floods |
High population number in potentially flood prone are |
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Sea level rise in combination with storm surges |
High share of very young population |
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Geographical location (at coasts or rivers) and topography (low-lying) |
High share of lonely pensioners households |
Awareness of business and citizens |
Snowmelt |
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Well-functioning institutional structures and processes |
High soil moisture levels |
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Sufficient capacities in administration to act |
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Availability of flood defences and retention areas |
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Effective sewage system |
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