Heat waves, droughts, and floods affected around a quarter of EU regions in the summer of 2025. A new extended study by Dr. Sehrish Usman from the University of Mannheim and economists from the European Central Bank shows estimated losses of 43 billion euros in 2025 alone and a total of 126 billion euros by 2029. The researchers call for increased investment in climate adaptation, such as heat protection in cities and improved water management.