Developing appropriate responses to address and prevent surface water flooding requires an analysis of interactions between elements of a risk framework encompassing hazard, vulnerability and exposure. This paper explores the spatial distribution of surface water flooding, the vulnerability of communities to flooding, and the characteristics of physical environment and land use that affect people’s exposure to flooding, particularly concerning green cover in Greater Manchester, UK
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This report is based on three interrelated lines of project research, which, while Australian, are of equal relevance for European adaptation practitioners: 1. the distillation of good adaptation principles based on adaptation research and practice; 2
Managing risks and increasing resilience is the Mayor’s climate change adaptation strategy for London. It details his strategic approach to managing the climate risks we face now and in the future in order to maintain London as one of the best big cities in the world
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This first in a series report presents the state of science in Disaster Risk Management (DRM), and shows practical use of scientific knowledge in DRM actions in Europe. It is the result of the multi-sectorial and multi-disciplinary networking process, and represents the combined effort of more than two hundred, mostly European, experts
The overall aim of the LIFE UrbanProof project is to increase the resilience of municipalities to climate change equipping them with a powerful tool for supporting better informed decision making on climate change adaptation planning. The project implementation includes the following core actions: simulation of current climate and projection of future changes in climate; climate change impact and adaptation assessment; development of the UrbanProof toolkit for supporting better informed decision making; implementation of selected green, blue and soft adaptation measures at the project municipalities; development of local climate change adaptation strategies for the project municipalities
This literature review concludes that there is evidence about the direct, as well as indirect, effects of climate change, and about the emerging future health risks in the WHO European Region. The science is clearly showcasing that significant changes are occuring, and thus robust policies are required to mitigate for, or adapt to, the climate change threats to human health, and efforts shall be put towards reaching a climate-resilient health system
West Nile Virus transmission is now established in several countries in Europe. The study and predictive models show that further West Nile Virus dispersal in the coming years to adjacent districts
This paper focuses on the identification of climate change hot spots in the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East (EMME) looking at observed temperatures and regional climate model projections. Three different SRES emissions scenarios were used to cover a range of possible future climate
The focus of this study was on future very hot summers associated with more severe heatwaves and record-breaking temperatures in France. Historical data of daily temperature observation and future scenarios (RCP 8
This paper looks at the potential of pollen allergy and its impacts on public health considering climate change impacts. Especially the consequences of climate change upon pollen allergy in humans was studied, based on quantitative estimates
Communication measures can raise protective behavior regarding climate change, natural hazards, and other health risks. For being effective in such communication, we designed a five-steps methodology and applied it to health-protective behavior during heat extremes in Austria
Although people will most likely adjust to warmer temperatures, it is still difficult to assess what this adaptation will look like. This scenario-based integrated health impacts assessment explores baseline (1981–2010) and future (2050) population attributable fractions (PAF) of mortality due to heat (PAF heat ) and cold (PAF cold ), by combining observed temperature–mortality relationships with the Dutch KNMI’14 climate scenarios and three adaptation scenarios
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect describes the phenomenon whereby cities are generally warmer than surrounding rural areas. Traditionally, temperature monitoring sites are placed outside of city centres, which means that point measurements do not always reflect the true air temperature of urban centres, and estimates of health impacts based on such data may under-estimate the impact of heat on public health
The UBDPolicy - Urban Burden of Disease Policy – project aims to examine in depth and on a large scale the health problems derived from urban life. Cities are places where people and communities live, work and play, and the quality of the urban environment has a major impact on their health and well-being
Climate change and enhanced sea level rise may seriously impact the structure, functions and characteristic biodiversity of the Wadden Sea ecosystem, as well as the safety of the inhabitants in the region. Addressing these impacts as a cross cutting theme is a major challenge for the Trilateral Cooperation for the protection of the Wadden Sea, joining Netherlands, Germany and Denmark
The impacts of extreme heat are deadly, on the rise globally and preventable. In recent years, heatwaves have broken temperature records and led to the deaths of thousands of people
Opportunities for adaptation to reduce the impacts and for mitigation to capitalise on the benefits of decarbonisation The European Union must accelerate its efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions. This is urgently needed given the pace and scale of climate change, which also has a negative impact on human health.
The impact of the summer 2015 heat wave on mortality in the Czech Republic was analysed in this study. The findings were compared with a previous record-breaking summer 1994 heat wave
Excessive summer heat is a serious environmental health problem in several European cities and is likely to increase under climate change scenarios. This also leads to an increase of heat-related mortality and morbidity, if no adequate prevention measures are taken
This study assessed the risk of weather-related hazards to the European population till 2100. As a first step the annual number of deaths in 30 year intervals relative to the reference period (1981-2010) up to the year 2100 (2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100) was assessed by combining disaster records with high resolution hazard and demographic projections in a prognostic modelling framework
The WHO Atlas of Health and Climate does not offer world-wide maps of direct and indirect climate impacts on health but illustrates the phenomena with numerous case studies. Its features a dedicated section on emerging environmental challenges which, i
The Health and Climate Change Country Profile Project forms the foundation of WHO’s monitoring of national and global progress on health and climate change. The Health and Climate Change Country Profiles, developed in collaboration with national health services, are data-driven snapshots of the climate hazards and the expected health impacts of climate change countries are facing
This report presents the results of the Pilot study 3 of the Orientgate (A network for the integration of climate knowledge into policy and planning) project. The pilot study 3 focused on providing tools and guidelines for local and regional authorities to assess vulnerabilities and risks posed by climate change and variability and related extreme events (with a focus on droughts) on domestic water supply, agriculture and coastal areas
This report by the 45 health experts of the 2015 Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change is a review of up-to-date information on climate change and health. Analysing 318 original publications on the subject, this compendium describes all relevant aspects, from the physical background over adaptation elements (and barriers), to the complex issue of monetisation of health impacts
This article investigates into the frequent question if (or to what extent) research actually informs policy. For this purpose, the team screened a corpus of 37 recent papers on one of the most relevant (for Europe) climatic health impacts: extreme heat in urban heat islands
“How far are we in implementing climate change and health action in the WHO European Region?” was the lead question posed to representatives of European WHO member states. The responses of 22 countries are analysed in this article
With all telecommunication facilities and meteorological forecasts available—do current alert systems satisfactorily reduce health impacts of weather extremes reaching vulnerable populations? A recent study addressed this question for selected German warning services. A two-volume report by the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) combines the findings with valuable hints for improvement and planning
The Western Balkans is a mountainous region and a hotspot of climate change. Overall, climatic extremes are projected to become more common, including a significant increase in the number of extreme heat events
The ARC3.2 Report presents downscaled Climate Projections for approximately 100 cities and catalogues urban disasters and risks, along with the effects on human health in cities
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