This joint publication of the Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change and the European Environment Agency highlights key health impacts from climate change in Europe as well as opportunities to reduce climate-related health risks through adaptation policies aligned with mitigation actions.
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The Lancet Countdown is an international, multidisciplinary collaboration, dedicated to monitoring the evolving health profile of climate change, and providing an independent assessment of the delivery of commitments made by governments worldwide under the Paris Agreement. The 2019 report presents an annual update of 41 indicators across five key domains: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. The report represents the findings and consensus of 35 leading academic Institutions and UN agencies from every continent. Each year, the methods and data that underpin the Lancet Countdown’s indicators are further developed and improved, with updates described at each stage of this report. The collaboration draws on the world-class expertise of climate scientists; ecologists; mathematicians; engineers; energy, food, and transport experts; economists; social and political scientists; public health professionals; and doctors, to generate the quality and diversity of data required.
Due to an increase in urbanisation, a greater number of people will be living in cities, namely around three quarters of the population by 2020. This also reduces the access to nature and increases the exposure to environmental hazards, like noise and air pollution
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Decision No. 1082/2013/EU is based on the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union TFEU which demands a high level of human health protection across Union policies and a complementary role of the Union in supporting national health endeavours
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This first in a series report presents the state of science in Disaster Risk Management (DRM), and shows practical use of scientific knowledge in DRM actions in Europe. It is the result of the multi-sectorial and multi-disciplinary networking process, and represents the combined effort of more than two hundred, mostly European, experts
This literature review concludes that there is evidence about the direct, as well as indirect, effects of climate change, and about the emerging future health risks in the WHO European Region. The science is clearly showcasing that significant changes are occuring, and thus robust policies are required to mitigate for, or adapt to, the climate change threats to human health, and efforts shall be put towards reaching a climate-resilient health system
This paper looks at the potential of pollen allergy and its impacts on public health considering climate change impacts. Especially the consequences of climate change upon pollen allergy in humans was studied, based on quantitative estimates
Communication measures can raise protective behavior regarding climate change, natural hazards, and other health risks. For being effective in such communication, we designed a five-steps methodology and applied it to health-protective behavior during heat extremes in Austria
Although people will most likely adjust to warmer temperatures, it is still difficult to assess what this adaptation will look like. This scenario-based integrated health impacts assessment explores baseline (1981–2010) and future (2050) population attributable fractions (PAF) of mortality due to heat (PAF heat ) and cold (PAF cold ), by combining observed temperature–mortality relationships with the Dutch KNMI’14 climate scenarios and three adaptation scenarios
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect describes the phenomenon whereby cities are generally warmer than surrounding rural areas. Traditionally, temperature monitoring sites are placed outside of city centres, which means that point measurements do not always reflect the true air temperature of urban centres, and estimates of health impacts based on such data may under-estimate the impact of heat on public health
The EuroCigua project main objective is to characterize the risk of Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) in Europe including several specific objectives: to determine the incidence of ciguatera in Europe and the epidemiological characteristics of cases; to assess the presence of ciguatoxin in food and the environment in Europe and to develop and validate methods for the detection, quantification and confirmation of the presence of ciguatoxin contaminated specimens. This report compiles the activities carried out during the EuroCigua project from the signing in April 2016 until December 2020
Climate change is a continuing, long-term alteration of weather patterns with more frequent and/or more severe extreme weather events which affect human health with heatwaves, increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation, high airborne pollen counts and ground-level ozone. Climate change affects human health through more frequent and/or more severe extreme weather events and increasing climate variability
This report has been published by the WHO Regional Office for Europe together with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and it is about the Lyme Borreliosis (LB) in Europe. LB is caused by the bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi , and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks, mainly Ixodes ricinus
Climate change has been shown to create a range of threats to health, but the interactions between, and common causes for, climate change and mental health issues have been largely neglected. There has been insufficient research, attention and conversations on this important issue which together have led to a lack of necessary and urgent action.
The EU-funded CONEXUS project will co-produce, structure and promote access to contextualised knowledge by co-creating Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to support the restoration of urban ecosystems. Cities and regions in Europe (EU) and the Community of Latin American & Caribbean States (CELAC) face shared and urgent global-local challenges to integrate practical actions with strategies to achieve greater inclusion, biodiversity, climate change adaptation and environmental quality
This document by HealthCare Without Harm (HCWH) Europe provides an introduction to basic interview techniques and how to speak to the media about health impacts of climate change. It provides practical tips and key messages on climate change and health to prepare for media opportunities.
Aflatoxin (AF) contamination in maize is of worldwide importance. Aspergillus flavus and A
Climate change impacts health directly due to extreme weather events. Extreme heat, rising sea levels, floods, extreme precipitation, droughts, and storms are increasingly frequent and lead to tens of thousands of deaths every year, mainly in low- and middle-income countries
This report has been commissioned by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) with the objectives of, first, examining future developments in the agriculture sector and, second, considering the implications of these trends for occupational safety and health (OSH).
A Health National Adaptation Plan (HNAP) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a plan developed by a country’s Ministry of Health as part of the NAP process. HNAP development is critical for: ensuring prioritization of action to address the health impacts of climate change at all levels of planning; linking the health sector to national and international climate change agendas, including an increased emphasis on health cobenefits of mitigation and adaptation actions in other sectors; promoting and facilitating coordinated and inclusive climate change and health planning among health stakeholders at different levels of government and across health- determining sectors; and enhancing health sector access to climate funding
The overall aim of the HERA project is to set the priorities for an environment, climate and health research agenda in the EU. Research is expected to support decision-making at all levels and to help attaining the ultimate goals of protecting and improving ecosystem quality and human health
Human health and well‑being are intimately linked to environmental quality. This has been recognised for decades amongst policymakers in Europe, and as a cornerstone in the European Commission's 7th Environment Action Programme. This report, produced jointly by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), outlines a number of environmental issues with a direct influence on people's health and well-being and is a follow-up and update to the 2005 EEA/JRC report.
The ENA database is the world´s largest, non-commercial pollen database provides long-time data series, tools as well as basic data for pollen information services, EU projects and scientific studies.
In 2015, countries committed to limit global warming to "well below 2°C" as part of the landmark Paris Agreement. 5 years on, global carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise steadily, with no convincing or sustained abatement, resulting in a rise in the global average temperature of 1·2°C
This Joint Value Proposition by UNDP and WHO on addressing climate change and health in the Europe and Central Asia region provides an overview of key thematic and programmatic entry points toward strengthening national health adaptation and mitigation capacities. Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide, and the risks toward good health continue to grow
The iSCAPE project aims to integrate and advance the control of air quality and carbon emissions in European cities in the context of climate change through the development of sustainable and passive air pollution remediation strategies, policy interventions and behavioral change initiatives. The project addressed the problem of reducing air pollution at target receptors with an innovative SME-led approach, focusing on the use of 'passive control systems' in urban spaces
CLAiR-City has categorised emissions and concentrations of air pollution, carbon footprints and health outcomes according to citizens' behaviour and daily activities in order to make these challenges relevant to how people choose to live, behave and interact in their urban environment. Through an innovative engagement and quantification toolkit, the public involvement required to enable citizens to define a set of future city scenarios to reduce their emissions was stimulated to support and inform the development of tailored city policy packages up to 2050
Researchers will build a Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory (VEO) for the generation and distribution of high-quality actionable information for evidence-based early warning, risk assessment and monitoring of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial resistance. This is an iterative process between data science and technology experts, disease experts, social scientists, and citizen scientists
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