Assessment of Climate Risks and Adaptation Options for Carpathian Forest Ecosystems and their Services

This assessment examines climate-related risks and adaptation options for forest ecosystems and their services across the Carpathian region.

It identifies major pressures including drought, wildfires, altered disturbance regimes, changes in hydrological conditions, biodiversity loss and impacts on ecosystem services. The report outlines adaptation pathways such as climate-resilient forest management, forest restoration and natural regeneration, ecosystem-based adaptation, wildfire prevention and management, protection of natural and virgin forests, enhancement of landscape connectivity, and integration of local and traditional knowledge.

It also highlights the importance of transboundary cooperation, research, monitoring and knowledge exchange among Carpathian countries.