Monitoring impacts of urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry on climate change adaptation and mitigation

General overview is given of the potential mitigation, adaptation and (co)developmental impacts of different urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry (UPAF) types and measures. Where available some quantification of potential benefits is given. Impact categories of UPAF – as described above - include climate mitigation, climate adaptation and co-developmental benefits (food production, income generation, sustainable resource management etcetera). Indicators that may be used to further analyse these different categories include:
Mitigation: (fossil) energy use; carbon storage, carbon sequestration, GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O, HCFC), food miles, heat island effect, (chemical) fertiliser use, landfill volumes and per capita waste generation
Adaptation: diversification of food and income sources, amount of locally produced food versus imported food, food availability and food prices, amount of green spaces, water storage/infiltration capacity, storm water runoff, drought resistance, incidences of floods/erosion/landslides, biodiversity, competition for water/use of alternative water sources.