Europe’s summer was defined by extreme heatwaves and dry conditions, with a record 52% of the continent exposed to ‘very strong’ heat stress by the end of the season. Record high surface air temperatures were observed across much of Europe, and in particular in western Europe, while record and near-record sea-surface temperatures were observed across European seas. Rivers across Europe also experienced their lowest summer flows in more than thirty years. These are the most recent results from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), implemented by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS).