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Lithuania
Information on national adaptation actions reported under the Governance Regulation
Reporting updated until: 2023-03-16
| Item | Status | Links |
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| National Adaptation Strategy (NAS) |
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| National Adaptation Plan (NAP) |
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| Meteorological observations |
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| Climate projections and services |
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| Adaptation portals and platforms |
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| Monitoring, reporting and evaluation (MRE) indicators and methodologies |
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| Key reports and publications | ||
| National communication to the UNFCCC | ||
| Governance regulation adaptation reporting |
Lithuania is a country in north-eastern Europe, the southernmost and largest of the three Baltic states, bordering Latvia on the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Russia to the southwest. Lithuania also has a maritime border with Sweden to the west on the Baltic Sea. The size of the territory is 65 300 km². The length of the Lithuanian coast is 90.6 km. Lithuania is the region of plains. The highest altitude is 293.8 m above sea level. The territory mainly consists of clayey soil plains (55.2%) as well as sandy soil plains (17.8%), hilly moraine uplands (21.2%), coastal plains (2.2%) and river valleys (3.6%).
More than half of the Lithuanian land is suitable for agriculture, i.e., land area used for agricultural purposes. Forest land area accounted for 33.8% of the total area. Lithuania has around 30 thousand rivers and streams (waterways) longer than 0,25 km, 816 longer than 10 km and 18 longer than 100 km with a total length of around 64.000 thousand km. The longest river is Nemunas, with a total length estimated to be around 937 km, of which 477 km is in Lithuania’s territory. Lithuania has 2 550 lakes with an area larger than 0.5 ha. The total land area covered with lakes amounts to around 920 km2 (1,2 % of the territory).
Lithuanian climate is formed and affected by global factors and local geographical circumstances. Key features of the climate depend on the geographical location of the territory. Lithuania is located in the temperate climate zone. The second global factor is the prevailing westerly airflow. Lithuanian territory, like the whole European region, lies in the area under the influence of the Atlantic Ocean and westerly airflow, with air temperature, precipitation and other parameters.
The average annual temperature in Lithuania is 7.4°C (1991 - 2020 climatic normal). The highest average temperature in Lithuania is observed in July while the lowest – is in January. Due to climate change, since the end of the 20th century, the number of extremely hot days, with the daily maximum air temperature equal to or above 30°C, has increased substantially. Meanwhile, frosty days, when the daily minimum air temperature drops to -20°C and below, have decreased significantly. The 1991 - 2020 climatic normal precipitated rainfall is 695 mm. More precipitation is monitored in the western side of the country. Due to climate change, precipitation patterns in Lithuanian territory are acting differently – in some places, it has increased, and elsewhere - decreased (however, these changes are not significant). However, the tendency is that precipitation in Lithuania is increasing during the cold season, and so does the number of days with heavy precipitation. The share of liquid precipitation in cold periods is increasing as well.
More than half of the Lithuanian land is suitable for agriculture, i.e., land area used for agricultural purposes. Forest land area accounted for 33.8% of the total area. Lithuania has around 30 thousand rivers and streams (waterways) longer than 0,25 km, 816 longer than 10 km and 18 longer than 100 km with a total length of around 64.000 thousand km. The longest river is Nemunas, with a total length estimated to be around 937 km, of which 477 km is in Lithuania’s territory. Lithuania has 2 550 lakes with an area larger than 0.5 ha. The total land area covered with lakes amounts to around 920 km2 (1,2 % of the territory).
Lithuanian climate is formed and affected by global factors and local geographical circumstances. Key features of the climate depend on the geographical location of the territory. Lithuania is located in the temperate climate zone. The second global factor is the prevailing westerly airflow. Lithuanian territory, like the whole European region, lies in the area under the influence of the Atlantic Ocean and westerly airflow, with air temperature, precipitation and other parameters.
The average annual temperature in Lithuania is 7.4°C (1991 - 2020 climatic normal). The highest average temperature in Lithuania is observed in July while the lowest – is in January. Due to climate change, since the end of the 20th century, the number of extremely hot days, with the daily maximum air temperature equal to or above 30°C, has increased substantially. Meanwhile, frosty days, when the daily minimum air temperature drops to -20°C and below, have decreased significantly. The 1991 - 2020 climatic normal precipitated rainfall is 695 mm. More precipitation is monitored in the western side of the country. Due to climate change, precipitation patterns in Lithuanian territory are acting differently – in some places, it has increased, and elsewhere - decreased (however, these changes are not significant). However, the tendency is that precipitation in Lithuania is increasing during the cold season, and so does the number of days with heavy precipitation. The share of liquid precipitation in cold periods is increasing as well.
According to Statistics Lithuania, Lithuania’s population at the start of 2023 was 2 860 000 inhabitants. The population has been declining in recent years for various reasons, such as negative natural population change, mortality and emigration. After a minor rise in 2005 - 2009 and 2014 - 2016, the birth rate has been slightly decreasing in recent years, therefore natural population change (increase/decrease) is still negative.
The most populated areas in Lithuania are the counties of the three biggest cities: Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipeda. The population density of these three cities at the start of 2023 was estimated to be 84,1 inhabitants per square kilometre for Vilnius (inhabitants/km2), 70,4 inhabitants/km2 for Kaunas County and 62,1 inhabitants/km2 for Klaipeda respectively.
In general, the total population of Lithuania takes a declining trend. Since 2001, the total population has shrunk by nearly 680.0 thousand people. Only in 2023, it has increased by 54.0 thousand people, compared to 2022. The biggest losses are recorded in the period of 2005 - 2016 and are estimated to be around 365.1 thousand (72% of the total decline) due to negative net international migration and 142.2 thousand (28% of the total decline) due to a natural decrease.
The most populated areas in Lithuania are the counties of the three biggest cities: Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipeda. The population density of these three cities at the start of 2023 was estimated to be 84,1 inhabitants per square kilometre for Vilnius (inhabitants/km2), 70,4 inhabitants/km2 for Kaunas County and 62,1 inhabitants/km2 for Klaipeda respectively.
In general, the total population of Lithuania takes a declining trend. Since 2001, the total population has shrunk by nearly 680.0 thousand people. Only in 2023, it has increased by 54.0 thousand people, compared to 2022. The biggest losses are recorded in the period of 2005 - 2016 and are estimated to be around 365.1 thousand (72% of the total decline) due to negative net international migration and 142.2 thousand (28% of the total decline) due to a natural decrease.
Lithuania has experienced substantial political and economic changes since regaining its independence in 1990. Vast economic reforms including price liberalisation and privatisation of small and medium State-owned enterprises, during the period of 1991 to 2000 took place. During the first decade of market reforms the institutional aspects of the transition were of the biggest national and international concern and culminated with a granting of a functional market economy status upon EU admission in 2004. On the 1st of January 2015, Lithuania became the 19th EU country to adopt the euro.
The country’s economy and macroeconomic indicators were the main factors which described the development of the country over the last decade. During the period from 2000 the most rapid economic development was witnessed in 2003 and 2007 (GDP growth, compared with the previous year, amounted to 10.5% and 11.1% respectively) However, the economic crisis in 2008 led down GDP to -14.8% compared to the previous year as in many European countries. In the later years, GDP growth was slower and was averaging 3.5%. Main sectors of industry: Agriculture contributes 3.31% to the GDP and employs 7% of the workforce (World Bank, 2022). Lithuania's main agricultural products are wheat, wood, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wine and meat (beef, mutton and pork). The industrial sector accounts for 25.3% of GDP, employing around 26% of the active population. The main industrial sectors are electronics, chemical products, machine tools, metal processing, construction material, household appliances, food processing, light industry (including textile), clothing and furniture. The country is also developing oil refineries and shipyards. The World Bank estimates that the manufacturing sector alone contributes to 16% of the country’s GDP. Lastly, the services sector contributes 60.74% to the GDP and employs more than two-thirds of the active population (67%). The information technology and communications sectors are the most important contributors to the GDP. In recent years, tourism has been one of the fastest-growing sectors of the country's economy (https://www.nordeatrade.com).
As a member of the EU since 2004, Lithuania has experienced significant growth, coupled with the rapid modernisation of its economy, becoming a member of the OECD in 2018. The country experienced the fastest recovery in Europe from the financial crisis in 2009, partly fuelled by a well-performing banking system and a diversified industrial sector.
The country’s economy and macroeconomic indicators were the main factors which described the development of the country over the last decade. During the period from 2000 the most rapid economic development was witnessed in 2003 and 2007 (GDP growth, compared with the previous year, amounted to 10.5% and 11.1% respectively) However, the economic crisis in 2008 led down GDP to -14.8% compared to the previous year as in many European countries. In the later years, GDP growth was slower and was averaging 3.5%. Main sectors of industry: Agriculture contributes 3.31% to the GDP and employs 7% of the workforce (World Bank, 2022). Lithuania's main agricultural products are wheat, wood, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wine and meat (beef, mutton and pork). The industrial sector accounts for 25.3% of GDP, employing around 26% of the active population. The main industrial sectors are electronics, chemical products, machine tools, metal processing, construction material, household appliances, food processing, light industry (including textile), clothing and furniture. The country is also developing oil refineries and shipyards. The World Bank estimates that the manufacturing sector alone contributes to 16% of the country’s GDP. Lastly, the services sector contributes 60.74% to the GDP and employs more than two-thirds of the active population (67%). The information technology and communications sectors are the most important contributors to the GDP. In recent years, tourism has been one of the fastest-growing sectors of the country's economy (https://www.nordeatrade.com).
As a member of the EU since 2004, Lithuania has experienced significant growth, coupled with the rapid modernisation of its economy, becoming a member of the OECD in 2018. The country experienced the fastest recovery in Europe from the financial crisis in 2009, partly fuelled by a well-performing banking system and a diversified industrial sector.
Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service under the Ministry of Environment (LHMS) is responsible for the meteorological (including agrometeorological, aeronautical and marine) and hydrological observations and forecasts. For this purpose, the National meteorological observation stations network has been established. Meteorological observations in Lithuania in 2022 are carried out at 57 meteorological observation stations, which are stationary and scattered over the territory of the country: 45 automatic meteorological stations, 9 semi-automatic stations with weather observers and 3 aeronautical meteorological stations. The density of the national observation network complies with World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards. All stations are equipped with automatic measuring sensors, devices and software corresponding to WMO standards for data measurement and observation processing as well as for transmission to the databases. In these stations, an observational program is being developed in accordance with the observation station tasks and technical possibilities. However sometimes the damage from extreme meteorological phenomena occurs near meteorological stations, then we only make a visual recording of the damage. We do not have systematic information about it.
LHMS has also relaunched radiozoning since 2021 I quart. LHMS has now 4 lightning detectors, which are in the network with ECLID. The meteorological radar network consists of 2 weather radars (since 2013 and 2015).
Most of the LHMS gathered data is free and available to the society on the institution's website, including information on climate change, records on extreme events, related to temperatures, rainfall, wind speed and snowfall etc. Moreover, LHMS has established a warning system to provide warnings on dangerous and catastrophic hydro-meteorological phenomena, sudden weather changes, ozone layer depletion, etc. to all citizens directly through their mobile phones.
Climate projections for the 21st century are based on the outputs of numerical climate models in Lithuania.
In 2023, Lithuania is preparing a study called ‘Preparation of climate change projections, a national study on the sensitivity and vulnerability of Lithuanian municipalities to climate change and preparation of the plan for adaptation of the most sensitive municipality’ under the project ‘ClimAdapt-LT’. In the first part of the study, the climate projections for the period up to 2100 were updated. The projections are based on the Global Climate Research Programme's Fifth Model Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 representative air pollutant concentration scenarios. Maps and graphs have been produced to reflect the climate parameters and climate derivatives together with changes in climate variables in Lithuania are presented. The results will be given not only in document form but also, they will be presented in interactive maps of each variable and will be available on the website klimatokaita.lt in April 2023.
LHMS has also relaunched radiozoning since 2021 I quart. LHMS has now 4 lightning detectors, which are in the network with ECLID. The meteorological radar network consists of 2 weather radars (since 2013 and 2015).
Most of the LHMS gathered data is free and available to the society on the institution's website, including information on climate change, records on extreme events, related to temperatures, rainfall, wind speed and snowfall etc. Moreover, LHMS has established a warning system to provide warnings on dangerous and catastrophic hydro-meteorological phenomena, sudden weather changes, ozone layer depletion, etc. to all citizens directly through their mobile phones.
Climate projections for the 21st century are based on the outputs of numerical climate models in Lithuania.
In 2023, Lithuania is preparing a study called ‘Preparation of climate change projections, a national study on the sensitivity and vulnerability of Lithuanian municipalities to climate change and preparation of the plan for adaptation of the most sensitive municipality’ under the project ‘ClimAdapt-LT’. In the first part of the study, the climate projections for the period up to 2100 were updated. The projections are based on the Global Climate Research Programme's Fifth Model Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 representative air pollutant concentration scenarios. Maps and graphs have been produced to reflect the climate parameters and climate derivatives together with changes in climate variables in Lithuania are presented. The results will be given not only in document form but also, they will be presented in interactive maps of each variable and will be available on the website klimatokaita.lt in April 2023.
Air temperature observations in Lithuania started in 1770 at Vilnius University. More than 240 years of observations give a good insight into natural and anthropogenic causes of climate variability. Nowadays LHMS provides hydrometeorological information necessary to ensure sustainable development of the national economy and mitigate the eventual negative impact of adverse hydrometeorological conditions on the natural environment and human population, and discharge national responsibilities for the international exchange of information. LHMS manages meteorological services for civil air transport as well.
Climate projections for the 21st century are based on outputs from global and regional climate models. The future projection forecast values of climate indicators for the territory of Lithuania have been calculated according to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate projections.
Climate projections for the 21st century are based on outputs from global and regional climate models. The future projection forecast values of climate indicators for the territory of Lithuania have been calculated according to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate projections.
Climate hazards for future changes are assessed up to 2100 using two regional realizations of global models under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The evaluation was carried out for various meteorological indicators and dangerous phenomena, such as heat waves, cold waves, wildfires, droughts, heavy precipitation, floods, snow, winds, temperature and sea level rise.
| Hazard type | Acute/Chronic | Observed climate hazards |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Acute | Drought |
| Flood | ||
| Heavy precipitation | ||
| Snow and ice load | ||
| Chronic | Changing precipitation patterns and types | |
| Precipitation hydrological variability | ||
| Saline intrusion | ||
| Seal level rise | ||
| Solid mass | Acute | |
| Chronic | Coastal_erosion | |
| Soil erosion | ||
| Sol degradation | ||
| Temperature | Acute | Cold wave frost |
| Heat wave | ||
| Wildfire | ||
| Chronic | Changing temperature | |
| Temperature variability | ||
| Wind | Acute | Storm |
| Chronic | Changing wind patterns |
| Hazard type | Acute/Chronic | Future climate hazards | Qualitative trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Acute | Drought | significantly increasing |
| Flood | significantly increasing | ||
| Heavy precipitation | significantly increasing | ||
| Snow and ice load | significantly decreasing | ||
| Chronic | Changing precipitation patterns and types | significantly increasing | |
| Precipitation hydrological variability | significantly increasing | ||
| Saline intrusion | evolution uncertain or unknown | ||
| Seal level rise | significantly increasing | ||
| Solid mass | Acute | ||
| Chronic | Coastal erosion | evolution uncertain or unknown | |
| Soil erosion | evolution uncertain or unknown | ||
| Sol degradation | without significant change | ||
| Temperature | Acute | Cold wave frost | significantly decreasing |
| Heat wave | significantly increasing | ||
| Wildfire | without significant change | ||
| Chronic | Changing temperature | significantly increasing | |
| Temperature variability | evolution uncertain or unknown | ||
| Wind | Acute | Storm | without significant change |
| Chronic | Changing wind patterns | without significant change |
Among climate changed are increases in the frequency and intensity of weather and climate extremes that can have negative impact: to agriculture and forestry (threats to poor harvest due droughts, heavy rain, long-lasting rain), energy system disturbance, human health (due heat waves, cold waves), urban territory and infrastructure (due heavy rain or snow), ecosystems (loss of biodiversity), effects on land degradation through actions such as increased rainfall intensity, flooding, heat stress.
Spread of pest and diseases, can have detrimental effects (on agriculture, forestry). Spread of invasive species (negative impact to ecosystems), risk of forest fires.
Seasonal changes gave impacts for plants and agriculture, changing plan species have impacts for human health via allergies.
Also having reduction in water runoff during the summer season and hydrological droughts.
Seasonal changes gave impacts for plants and agriculture, changing plan species have impacts for human health via allergies.
Also having reduction in water runoff during the summer season and hydrological droughts.
Key affected sectors
| Key affected sector(s) | energy |
| Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitude | medium |
| Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards | different key hazards |
| Assessment | No hazard and exposure assessment has been performed for changes in frequency and magnitude. In summary, the changes in energy can be due to the following changes: • Rise in air temperature during the cold and warm periods of the year. • High temperature of water bodies in summer. • Extreme cold and heat. • Rainfall redistribution and inequality over the year. • Droughts, declining river runoff and extreme water level fluctuations. • Wind gusts and storms. • Heavy rains, hail. • Lightning. • Freezing rain and other icing phenomena. • Snow surface instability. • Sea level rise. • Increasing climate extremism. |
| Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climate | medium |
| Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate | |
| Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacity | medium |
| Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity | |
| Assessment | An assessment of vulnerabilities, including adaptability, has not yet been performed. The effects of hazards can be reduced or managed through the following adaptation measures: • Assessment of climate forecasts in the preparation of new energy production, transmission infrastructure design projects or existing renovation projects. • Thermal insulation of underground infrastructure. • Replacement of overhead power lines with underground cables. • In summer - increasing the volumes of electricity production and / or imports, capacity of electricity lines, promotion of economical energy consumption. • Ensuring energy reserves. • Adjusting energy production and import flows to take account of inequalities in hydropower production. • Ensuring alternative energy supply options. • Providing emergency access to overhead power lines. • Insurance and indemnification for energy companies (especially RES power plants). |
| Rating for the risk of potential future impacts | not applicable |
| Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts | |
| Assessment | A risk assessment of possible future effects has not been carried out at present and is planned for the future (transmission and distribution). |
| Key affected sector(s) | agriculture and food |
| Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitude | high |
| Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards | |
| Assessment | No hazard and exposure assessment has been performed for changes in frequency and magnitude. In summary, the following changes can lead to both positive and negative changes in yields and agricultural production: • Heat waves. • Drought. • Unstable snow cover. • Extreme cold. • Snow-free cold winter. • Late spring and early autumn frosts. • Heavy rains, hail, floods. • Strong wind, thunderstorm. • Extension of the warming period of plant vegetation. |
| Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climate | high |
| Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate | |
| Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacity | high |
| Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity | |
| Assessment | There is currently no assessment of vulnerabilities, including adaptability. The effects of hazards can be reduced or managed through the following adaptation measures: • Adaptation capacity building, education and counseling of farmers and municipal specialists, provision of comprehensive agro-climatic information. • Sustainable territorial development, preserving natural ecosystems, rational land use. • Restoration of agricultural potential and implementation of preventive measures. • Development of a system for the prevention, monitoring and control of plant and animal pests and diseases. • Development of a system for warning of fires and natural hydrometeorological phenomena. • Agri-environmental measures: installation of vegetation strips and protection zones around intensively cultivated arable land, storage of stubble during the winter. • Development of research for strengthening the climatic potential of agrocenoses and for agrometeorological modeling and forecasting. • Development of agrometeorological monitoring and implementation of agrometeorological forecasting services. • Promoting the development and maintenance of innovative drainage and irrigation systems for agricultural land. • Insurance benefits, mutual funds, income stabilization measures. • Investing in the improvement of animal and bird housing conditions, waste utilization. |
| Rating for the risk of potential future impacts | not applicable |
| Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts | |
| Assessment | A risk assessment of the potential future impact has not been carried out at present and is planned for the future |
| Key affected sector(s) | biodiversity (including ecosystembased approaches) |
| Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitude | medium |
| Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards | |
| Assessment | No hazard and exposure assessment has been performed for changes in frequency and magnitude. In summary, changes in biodiversity may be due to the following changes: • Rising summer and winter temperatures. Storms and hurricane winds. • Rising Baltic Sea level. • Warming of the sea and the Curonian Lagoon and changes in salinity and circulation. • Winter thaws, spring cold waves. • Heat waves. • Increased drought. • River sedimentation, water level fluctuations in rivers and lakes. • Increased rainfall, floods and flash floods. • Intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. |
| Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climate | medium |
| Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate | |
| Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacity | medium |
| Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity | |
| Assessment | An assessment of vulnerabilities, including adaptability, has not yet been performed. The effects of hazards can be reduced or managed through the following adaptation measures: • Strengthen the regulatory framework to protect ecosystems and biodiversity in the face of climate change. • Support long-term wildlife research and monitoring. • To create a scientific-information database, which would store research related to climate change. • Management at the species level. • Prevent the destruction of existing ecosystems and halt the spread of dangerous invasive species. • Strengthening the capacity of different ecosystems to adapt to climate change at three levels (reserve, landscape, national / European). |
| Rating for the risk of potential future impacts | not applicable |
| Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts | |
| Assessment | A risk assessment of possible future effects has not been carried out at present and is planned for the future. |
| Key affected sector(s) | forestry |
| Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitude | medium |
| Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards | |
| Assessment | No hazard and exposure assessment has been performed for changes in frequency and magnitude. In summary, changes in forestry can be due to the following changes: |
| Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climate | low |
| Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate | |
| Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacity | low |
| Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity | |
| Assessment | An assessment of vulnerabilities, including adaptability, has not yet been performed. The effects of hazards can be reduced or managed through the following adaptation measures: • Development of research. • Thinning of stands and planting of drought-resistant tree species. • Gradual transition from homogeneous and perennial forests to mixed forests of different ages • Adapting water resources (RBD) management plans to forest needs. • Gradual transition from homogeneous and one-century forests to mixed forests of different ages. • Improvement and development of forest fire protection and monitoring. • Application of selection methods in reforestation. • Optimization of logging works. • Special forest management projects adapted to river valleys and floodplains. • Adaptation plans to frequently flooded forest areas (installation and maintenance of drainage systems). • Improvement of road infrastructure in forest massifs. • Forest management works by abandoning clear-cutting, forming stands and thinning stands at forest edges. |
| Rating for the risk of potential future impacts | not applicable |
| Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts | |
| Assessment | A risk assessment of possible future effects has not been carried out at present and is planned for the future. |
| Key affected sector(s) | tourism |
| Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitude | low |
| Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards | |
| Assessment | No hazard and exposure assessment has been performed for changes in frequency and magnitude. In summary, the changes in tourism may be due to the following changes: • Climate seasonality. • Shorter winter season, fewer days with snow. • Longer and warmer summers. • Extreme meteorological phenomena (heat waves, storms, splashes, etc.). • Increase in air and water pollution. • River runoff, floods and flash floods. |
| Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climate | low |
| Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate | |
| Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacity | not applicable |
| Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity | |
| Assessment | An assessment of vulnerabilities, including adaptability, has not yet been performed. The effects of hazards can be reduced or managed through the following adaptation measures: • Development of year-round tourist facilities and services. • Development of indoor tourist facilities in the regions. • Installation of controlled microclimate premises. • Development of an effective information and alert system. • Accounting and restricting tourist flows. • Monitoring and control of air and water pollution. • Development of ecological, cognitive and therapeutic (health) tourism. • Analysis of the needs of tourism service users. • Improving the regulatory environment and developing an information infrastructure on climate change. • Research on sensitivity, risk and possible adaptation measures. |
| Rating for the risk of potential future impacts | not applicable |
| Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts | |
| Assessment | A risk assessment of possible future effects has not been carried out at present and is planned for the future. |
| Key affected sector(s) | transport |
| Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitude | medium |
| Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards | |
| Assessment | No hazard and exposure assessment has been performed for changes in frequency and magnitude. In summary, changes in the transport sector, depending on the mode of transport, may be due to the following changes: Roads and railways • Heat waves. • Extreme cold. • More frequent temperature fluctuations around 0 °C. • Heavy rainfall. • Floods and flash floods. • Storm. • Strong wind. • Icing. • Blizzards. • Thunderstorms. Aviation • Strong wind. • Decreased visibility. • Intensification of storms and convection processes. • Heavy rainfall. • Heat waves. • Extreme cold. • More frequent temperature fluctuations around 0 °C. Water transport • Water level fluctuations. • Drought and river sediment. • Floods and flash floods. • Ice phenomena. • Storm. |
| Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climate | medium |
| Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate | |
| Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacity | medium |
| Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity | |
| Assessment | An assessment of vulnerabilities, including adaptability, has not yet been performed. The effects of hazards can be reduced or managed through the following adaptation measures: Roads and railways • Development of information systems (IS) and research. • Increasing the resistance of transport infrastructure elements and road surfaces to the effects of extreme weather. • Improving operational meteorological service. • Staff training. • Vehicle speed, operating mode regulation. • Development of transport infrastructure. • Planning alternative routes. • Application of protective greenery and equipment. Aviation • IS and research development. • Increasing the resilience of airport infrastructure elements and aircraft to extreme weather events. • Staff training. • Strengthening international cooperation in the field of aviation meteorology. Water transport • Protective piers, berths at sea • Reconstruction of ports. • Dredging of waterways and port canals. • Staff training. • Regulation of traffic flows. • Development of river and seaport infrastructure. • Limitation of vehicle draft and load. • Strengthening international cooperation in the field of marine meteorology. |
| Rating for the risk of potential future impacts | not applicable |
| Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts | |
| Assessment | A risk assessment of possible future effects has not been carried out at present and is planned for the future. |
| Key affected sector(s) | marine and fisheries |
| Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitude | medium |
| Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards | |
| Assessment | No hazard and exposure assessment has been performed for changes in frequency and magnitude. In summary, the changes in marine and fisheries may be due to the following changes: • Rising temperatures in air and water bodies. • Rising surface temperature and declining salinity in the Baltic Sea. • Increase in annual rainfall. • Snow surface instability, thickness and duration reduction. • Increase in river runoff and floods in winter, increase in precipitation in summer and autumn. • Increase in the recurrence of extreme hydrometeorological phenomena (droughts, floods). • Risk of reduced runoff from small rivers. • Rising water levels in the Baltic Sea and more frequent storms. |
| Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climate | medium |
| Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate | |
| Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacity | not applicable |
| Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity | |
| Assessment | An assessment of vulnerabilities, including adaptability, has not yet been performed. The effects of hazards can be reduced or managed through the following adaptation measures: • Develop research. • Reduce eutrophication of water bodies. • Do not allow by-catches to be disposed of as waste overboard. • Public education and consumer information. • Develop long-term plans for the management and recovery of fish stocks and integrate fisheries and aquaculture issues into strategies for other sectors. • Ensure migration of diadromous fish. |
| Rating for the risk of potential future impacts | not applicable |
| Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts | |
| Assessment | A risk assessment of possible future effects has not been carried out at present and is planned for the future. |
| Key affected sector(s) | buildings |
| Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitude | medium |
| Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards | |
| Assessment | No hazard and exposure assessment has been performed for changes in frequency and magnitude. In summary, the changes in buildings may be due to the following changes: • Heat waves. • Strengthening of heat islands in cities. • Extreme air temperatures at different times of the year. • Rising water levels in the Baltic Sea. • Coastal erosion. • High fire risk of droughts and their years. • Heavy rainfall. • Floods and flash floods. • Storm. |
| Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climate | medium |
| Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate | |
| Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacity | medium |
| Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity | |
| Assessment | An assessment of vulnerabilities, including adaptability, has not yet been performed. The effects of hazards can be reduced or managed through the following adaptation measures: • Adapting the legal framework to climate change trends to address strategic planning challenges. • Multifunctional land use. • Restricting the development of areas vulnerable to climate factors. • Regulation of construction technologies and requirements. • Development and implementation of settlement models that reduce the formation of heat islands. • Quarterly planning. • Solving monofunctional building and communication problems. • Complex development of business and social infrastructure. • Reconstruction of the street network, improvement of traffic organization, development of public and ecological transport infrastructure. • Renovation of buildings. • Development of brownfields. • Monitoring and mapping of natural hazards. • Strategic and differentiated land use management. • Development of green infrastructure in urban areas. • Regulation of urban development. • Zoning of floodplains and regulation of construction in them. • Non-structural flood protection measures (afforestation, wetland restoration, implementation of agri-environmental measures). • Economic diversification and development of insurance services. • Involving the public in the planning process and raising awareness. |
| Rating for the risk of potential future impacts | not applicable |
| Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts | |
| Assessment | A risk assessment of possible future effects has not been carried out at present and is planned for the future. |
| Key affected sector(s) | health |
| Rating of the observed impacts of key hazards, including changes in frequency and magnitude | high |
| Different rating of the observed impacts of key hazards | |
| Assessment | In summary, changes in health be due to the following changes: • Changes in UV radiation. • Heat waves. • Cold waves. • Floods. • Drought. • Air pollution. • Prevalence of blood vessels and ticks. • Prevalence of pollen and other allergens in the environment. |
| Rating of the key hazards' likelihood of occurrence and exposure to them under future climate | high |
| Different rating of the likelihood of the occurrence of key hazards and exposure to them under future climate | |
| Rating of the vulnerability, including adaptive capacity | high |
| Different rating of the vulnerability and/or adaptive capacity | |
| Assessment | Adaptation of the public health sector to climate change is recommended: • To improve the microclimate and air quality in cities to expand green zones. • Adaptation of medical institutions (human and material resources, redistribution) to receive / service additional patient flows • To ensure a sufficient (estimated) amount of necessary medicines and nursing products in pharmacies. • A national register of people at risk or already affected by heat, cold and other natural disasters. • National Registry of Allergic Diseases. • Development of a preventive program (monitoring) for early diagnosis and monitoring of oncological skin diseases (risk groups). • Expand and improve education, information and warning actions. • Increase the number of influenza vaccinations for at-risk groups. • Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis in at-risk group. |
| Rating for the risk of potential future impacts | not applicable |
| Different rating of the risk of potential future impacts | |
| Assessment | A risk assessment of possible future effects has not been carried out at present and is planned for the future. |
Overview of institutional arrangements and governance at the national level
In 2012 Lithuania adopted National Climate Change Management Policy Strategy, which covered climate change mitigation and adaptation goals. In 2021, Lithuania updated its national climate targets and goals in the National Climate Change Management agenda (hereafter – Agenda), which sets out targets and objectives for Lithuania’s climate change management policy up to 2030, 2040 and in the long term up to 2050. The climate change adaptation policy aims at strengthening adaptive capacity, increasing resilience, and reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change to contribute to sustainable development and ensure adequate adaptation responses.
The implementation of the targets and objectives of the Agenda is based on the concept of the comprehensive plan of the territory of the Republic of Lithuania, contributes to the directions and principles of Lithuania’s Progress Strategy, to the goals and objectives of the National Progress Plan and the National Energy Independence Strategy as well as to the national security interests enshrined in the National Security Strategy in ensuring the sustainable development of the State.
Lithuania is also updating its National Energy and Climate Action plan (NECP) to meet the updated targets. The primary strategic documents integrated into the NECP are the National Energy Independence Strategy, approved in June 2018, the Agenda 2021 update and the National Air Pollution Reduction Plan updated in August 2022. Lithuania also plans to prepare its National Adaptation plan according to the EU guidelines currently under development.
Currently, there are no sectoral adaptation plans in Lithuania.
The implementation of the targets and objectives of the Agenda is based on the concept of the comprehensive plan of the territory of the Republic of Lithuania, contributes to the directions and principles of Lithuania’s Progress Strategy, to the goals and objectives of the National Progress Plan and the National Energy Independence Strategy as well as to the national security interests enshrined in the National Security Strategy in ensuring the sustainable development of the State.
Lithuania is also updating its National Energy and Climate Action plan (NECP) to meet the updated targets. The primary strategic documents integrated into the NECP are the National Energy Independence Strategy, approved in June 2018, the Agenda 2021 update and the National Air Pollution Reduction Plan updated in August 2022. Lithuania also plans to prepare its National Adaptation plan according to the EU guidelines currently under development.
Currently, there are no sectoral adaptation plans in Lithuania.
In 2014 risk assessment and vulnerability to climate change were evaluated in the sector of public health, and cost-efficient measures and indicators were proposed. The study identifies the threats to human health including the recommendations. In 2015 a study identifying the vulnerability to climate change of the individual sectors, risk assessment and opportunities to adapt, the most efficient adaptation measures and evaluation indicators were accomplished. The study focuses on the following sectors: spatial planning, transport, energy, waste management, industry, agriculture, water resources, ecosystems and biodiversity, fisheries, forestry, tourism and others.
A study on the sensitivity and vulnerability of Lithuanian municipalities to climate change is being prepared in 2023. The assessment identifyed the future climate change impacts on municipalities, the sensitive and vulnerable sectors, the risks and vulnerability at municipalities, and the main perspectives to adapt.
A study on the sensitivity and vulnerability of Lithuanian municipalities to climate change is being prepared in 2023. The assessment identifyed the future climate change impacts on municipalities, the sensitive and vulnerable sectors, the risks and vulnerability at municipalities, and the main perspectives to adapt.
Ministries, municipal and other institutions within their remit are responsible for the mainstreaming of climate goals and objectives into sectoral strategies and programmes and implementing related activities in Lithuania. The National Climate Change Management Agenda which lays down the targets and objectives for climate change mitigation and adaptation by 2050 is developed by the Ministry of Environment. The implementation of the Agenda is carried out by the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Economy and Innovation, Ministry of Energy Ministry of Finance, Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Social Security and Labour, Ministry of Transport and Communications, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of the Interior of the Republic and the Ministry of Agriculture within their remit. The implementation of the Agenda is coordinated by the Ministry of Environment. In addition, the goals and objectives of the Agenda are implemented by cross-sectorial policies, such as the National Progress Plan for 2021-2030, the National Sustainable Development Program and specific economic sectors development programmes or short-term planning documents. The Action Plans are prepared by the Ministry of Environment and endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania. State and municipal institutions engaged in the implementation of the Agenda provide the Ministry of Environment with information about the progress in implementing the Agenda and its Action Plan - NECP.
Adaptation to climate change is integrated into Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures. Lithuanian EIA legislation consists of the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposed Economic Activity, setting out the general principles and requirements for EIA and a number of Governmental Decisions and Orders of the Minister of Environment, containing further more detailed and comprehensive provisions. The main legislative document for adaptations is the Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment of the Proposed Economic Activity (https://www.e-tar.lt/[…]/asr).
The Fire and Rescue Department under the Ministry of Interior has coordinated the performance of the Lithuanian national risk assessment. This assessment comprises the evaluation of all threats in Lithuania, including also the threats caused by climate change. A national risk assessment was conducted in 2013 and updated in 2015, 2018 and 2021.
In The Lithuanian National Risk Assessment (2018) the following phenomena have been identified as posing a very high risk to Lithuania: natural, catastrophic and meteorological phenomena; epizootics; flooding; epidemics and/or pandemics. In 2021 focuses more on scenario development and mapping, presents the impact of climate change, and describes prevention, preparedness, and response measures.
In The Lithuanian National Risk Assessment (2018) the following phenomena have been identified as posing a very high risk to Lithuania: natural, catastrophic and meteorological phenomena; epizootics; flooding; epidemics and/or pandemics. In 2021 focuses more on scenario development and mapping, presents the impact of climate change, and describes prevention, preparedness, and response measures.
National datasets relevant to climate change adaptation are distributed by different institutions according to areas of responsibility. Lithuania's hydrometeorological service under the Ministry of Environment is responsible for climate and weather data including weather warnings. Environmental protection agency for flood management plans. Fire and Rescue Department for loss and damage data. Different institutions collect and distribute data on their own platforms.
The goal of Lithuania’s policy on adaptation is to reduce the current and foreseeable vulnerability of the country’s natural ecosystems and economic sectors, strengthen adaptive capacity, cost-effectively mitigate risks and damage and maintain and increase resilience to climate change, secure a favourable environment for public life and sustainable economic activity and ensure food production is not endangered. By 2030:
1.to apply flood protection measures to all residents in flood-prone areas
2.to ensure that the share of climate-related economic losses in the country’s GDP does not exceed 0.08% per year
3.the proportion of dangerous, natural disasters and catastrophic meteorological events predicted is at least 90% of the actual events
1.to apply flood protection measures to all residents in flood-prone areas
2.to ensure that the share of climate-related economic losses in the country’s GDP does not exceed 0.08% per year
3.the proportion of dangerous, natural disasters and catastrophic meteorological events predicted is at least 90% of the actual events
Lithuania updated the Strategy, included analysis of current situation and a SWOT. Weaknesses:
1.A lack of awareness of risks of climate change, the need to adapt, impacts among different sectors and general population, lack of assessment of measures needed to be taken and their impact in future, lack of insurance coverage of assets, leading to substantial losses
2.Losses incurred due to climate change are the largest in agricultural sector, with extreme events affecting farm productivity (especially crop production)
3.Transport sector is highly dependent on climate conditions. Extreme weather conditions disrupt air, water, rail and road traffic and road surfaces are damaged due to temperature fluctuations. Failure to impose road traffic restrictions during hot weather damages the road surface
4.Electricity distribution network infrastructure is vulnerable, especially in forested areas, to factors induced by extreme weather conditions (storms, snowstorms, etc.) leading to power outages and threats to consumer safety
5.No long-term accounting system for losses and damages resulting from climate change that would objectively assess the magnitude of losses at the country and sectoral level and encourage faster implementation of adaptation measures. Methodologies for assessing damage are ineffectively applied, a lack of research and analysis on impacts of climate change, vulnerability and sensitivity and effectiveness of adaptation measures. A lack of knowledge and awareness of consequences of climate change and need to adapt to it at institutional level, especially at municipal and societal levels
6.A lack of initiative and expertise in municipalities and a lack of participation in planning and implementation of regionally relevant adaptation plans and measures
7.Inadequate risk assessment and a lack of investment in management measures
8.A lack of focus on nature-based solutions, which often help to cope with risks and add value to the well-being of population
1.A lack of awareness of risks of climate change, the need to adapt, impacts among different sectors and general population, lack of assessment of measures needed to be taken and their impact in future, lack of insurance coverage of assets, leading to substantial losses
2.Losses incurred due to climate change are the largest in agricultural sector, with extreme events affecting farm productivity (especially crop production)
3.Transport sector is highly dependent on climate conditions. Extreme weather conditions disrupt air, water, rail and road traffic and road surfaces are damaged due to temperature fluctuations. Failure to impose road traffic restrictions during hot weather damages the road surface
4.Electricity distribution network infrastructure is vulnerable, especially in forested areas, to factors induced by extreme weather conditions (storms, snowstorms, etc.) leading to power outages and threats to consumer safety
5.No long-term accounting system for losses and damages resulting from climate change that would objectively assess the magnitude of losses at the country and sectoral level and encourage faster implementation of adaptation measures. Methodologies for assessing damage are ineffectively applied, a lack of research and analysis on impacts of climate change, vulnerability and sensitivity and effectiveness of adaptation measures. A lack of knowledge and awareness of consequences of climate change and need to adapt to it at institutional level, especially at municipal and societal levels
6.A lack of initiative and expertise in municipalities and a lack of participation in planning and implementation of regionally relevant adaptation plans and measures
7.Inadequate risk assessment and a lack of investment in management measures
8.A lack of focus on nature-based solutions, which often help to cope with risks and add value to the well-being of population
Lithuanian economic entities in the energy, transport, industry and agriculture sectors are already implementing measures to adapt to the effects of climate change and can share their experience. There is a cooperation between public authorities and academia to find ways for the health sector to adapt to climate change. Joint activities of the institutions concerned have been developed; the measures and their implementation plan have been envisaged in the NECP. On 30 December 2019, Lithuania adopted the National energy and climate action plan of the Republic of Lithuania for 2021-2030 (NECP).
The NECP contains 55 planned policy measures to adapt to climate change by 2030 for 9 sector-related fields of action. 33 measures have started to be implemented in 2023.
Funding of planned climate change adaptation measures in NECP in a total of EUR 3,303.3 million is needed, of which EUR 260.4 million is for the water sector, EUR 247 million for forestry, ecosystems, biodiversity and landscape, EUR 850 million for transport, EUR 666 million for infrastructure, EUR 1,073.1 million for agriculture, EUR 125 million for public health, EUR 68.1 million for emergency management and EUR 13.6 million for intersectoral objectives. The main sources of public funds in 2021-2030 will consist of the 2021-2027 EU fund (European Regional Development and Cohesion Funds) investments, electricity and heat tariffs, Climate Change Programme, Waste Management Programme, and State and municipal budgets). At the end of 2023, the information will be evaluated.
The NECP contains 55 planned policy measures to adapt to climate change by 2030 for 9 sector-related fields of action. 33 measures have started to be implemented in 2023.
Funding of planned climate change adaptation measures in NECP in a total of EUR 3,303.3 million is needed, of which EUR 260.4 million is for the water sector, EUR 247 million for forestry, ecosystems, biodiversity and landscape, EUR 850 million for transport, EUR 666 million for infrastructure, EUR 1,073.1 million for agriculture, EUR 125 million for public health, EUR 68.1 million for emergency management and EUR 13.6 million for intersectoral objectives. The main sources of public funds in 2021-2030 will consist of the 2021-2027 EU fund (European Regional Development and Cohesion Funds) investments, electricity and heat tariffs, Climate Change Programme, Waste Management Programme, and State and municipal budgets). At the end of 2023, the information will be evaluated.
From 2021 targets for climate change are implemented through the National Progress Plan 2021–2030 (NPP), which was adopted by the Government of Lithuania on 9 September 2020. The NPP has been drawn up with a view to identifying the main changes pursued by the State for the next decade and ensuring progress in the social, economic, environmental and security fields. The NPP will be implemented via sectorials programs. The measures listed in the NECP shall be mainstreamed to sectorial programs and then implemented, these programs are currently being updated. In such case all adaptation measures will be mainstreamed to sectorial programs and ministries responsible for measures will be responsible for the implementation of it.
The NECP is implemented in collaboration with ministries, municipalities and sector stakeholders from the public and private sectors. Municipalities, together with relevant national-level ministries, are responsible for the implementation of the national adaptation goals, targets and objectives, as well as certain measures of the NECP. Flood risk has received the most attention at the sub-national level, so the EU-funded adaptation projects focus on coastal management and flood risks.
For developing sectoral programmes and other strategic documents, targeted working groups involving relevant stakeholders were created. These working groups usually play an important role in selecting specific measures or setting monitoring indicators, also identifying and addressing knowledge gaps in different sectors. A working group for National risk assessment is established and updated the document in 2021 and included climate change projections in it.
For developing sectoral programmes and other strategic documents, targeted working groups involving relevant stakeholders were created. These working groups usually play an important role in selecting specific measures or setting monitoring indicators, also identifying and addressing knowledge gaps in different sectors. A working group for National risk assessment is established and updated the document in 2021 and included climate change projections in it.
Adaptation measures in NECP are not directly addressed to the private sector, just the ministries or other institutions are responsible for the implementation of adaptation measures. There are no legal requirements for the private sector to implement measures to adapt to climate change. But some companies implementing some measures, like the closed joint-stock company 'GRINDA', which had a project 'Design for the construction of a surface runoff collector on T. Narbuto and Saltoniskiu streets and the construction of a wastewater treatment plant on Upes street in the city of Vilnius'. The project is funded by the European Union Cohesion Fund, Vilnius City Municipality and “Grinda”.
The main task of the project was to resolve the issue of accumulation of precipitation water in an artificially created hollow on T. Narbuto street, resulting in the flooding of the street and traffic interruptions.
The design provides for the reconstruction, by the microtunnelling method, and/or installation of a new surface runoff collector pipe DN/OD1600mm, with the re-connection of existing networks, and the construction of a modern wastewater treatment plant. The actual wastewater flow rate will be measured downstream of the plant and pollutant level sensors of the monitoring system will record critical concentrations of oil pollutants and solid particles.
This is the first municipal surface runoff management system in Lithuania designed in a 3D environment according to the BIM digital information modelling technology and standards. 3D models and visualisations developed for both existing and new engineering networks, surface runoff treatment facilities and part of the land plot layout have helped to optimise the work and to adopt the best solution.
The project also involved the development of a separate hydraulic model for the calculation of surface runoff quantities.
The main task of the project was to resolve the issue of accumulation of precipitation water in an artificially created hollow on T. Narbuto street, resulting in the flooding of the street and traffic interruptions.
The design provides for the reconstruction, by the microtunnelling method, and/or installation of a new surface runoff collector pipe DN/OD1600mm, with the re-connection of existing networks, and the construction of a modern wastewater treatment plant. The actual wastewater flow rate will be measured downstream of the plant and pollutant level sensors of the monitoring system will record critical concentrations of oil pollutants and solid particles.
This is the first municipal surface runoff management system in Lithuania designed in a 3D environment according to the BIM digital information modelling technology and standards. 3D models and visualisations developed for both existing and new engineering networks, surface runoff treatment facilities and part of the land plot layout have helped to optimise the work and to adopt the best solution.
The project also involved the development of a separate hydraulic model for the calculation of surface runoff quantities.
Selection of actions and (programmes of) measures
Not reported
For the period 2021-2030, all adaptation measures are in NECP. As all measures are in NECP reporting will be based on Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action and other documents. The measures listed in the NECP shall be mainstreamed to sectorial programs and then implemented, these programs are currently being updated. In such case all adaptation measures will be mainstreamed to sectorial programs and ministries responsible for measures will be responsible for the implementation of it. State and municipal institutions engaged in the implementation of the NECP will provide the Ministry of Environment with information about the progress in implementing the measures.
Implementation of climate change adaptation goals and objectives evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency, measures evaluation of implementation and effect achieved analysis had been prepared before updating Strategy (https://am.lrv.lt/uploads/a[…]ato%20kaitos%20GALUTINE.pdf). The results show that implementation and mainstreaming of adaptation we had in the various areas of action. Based on these results, sector goals were introduced in the National Climate Change Management Agenda and the planned measures to adapt to climate change up to 2030 are set out in the NECP.
In 2019 Lithuania prepared an evaluation of the implementation of the intended goals, objectives and measures. The results have shown that the goals and targets of climate change do not include some sectors sensitive to the effects of climate change, including only one economic sector (agriculture) and for some economic sectors, no measures were foreseen. Based on this, the National Climate Change Management Agenda includes goals and targets for more economic sectors and addresses the effects of climate change risk reduction. The next evaluation is planned for the end of 2023 together with the preparation of an updated adaptation plan.
In 2013-2017 to implement the strategic goal of adaptation to climate change a total of 316.1 mln. EUR was planned and 343 mln. EUR provided, so about 8.5 % more. The next evaluation is planned for the end of 2023 together with the preparation of an updated adaptation plan.
In 2013-2017 the largest share of funding went to agriculture and soil (54% of the total) and water resources (40% of total funding) and only 6% to other sectors.
Spending used to support climate adaptation in each sector in 2013-2017:
Cross-cutting goals and objectives - 10,1 mln. EUR
Agriculture and soil - 184,5 mln. EUR
Forestry, ecosystems, biodiversity, landscape - 11,1 mln. EUR
Water resources - 137,4 mln. EUR
Public health - 143 TEUR
The next evaluation is planned for the end of 2023 together with the preparation of an updated adaptation plan.
Spending used to support climate adaptation in each sector in 2013-2017:
Cross-cutting goals and objectives - 10,1 mln. EUR
Agriculture and soil - 184,5 mln. EUR
Forestry, ecosystems, biodiversity, landscape - 11,1 mln. EUR
Water resources - 137,4 mln. EUR
Public health - 143 TEUR
The next evaluation is planned for the end of 2023 together with the preparation of an updated adaptation plan.
In 2019 Lithuania prepared an evaluation of the implementation of the intended goals, objectives and measures. In 2021 National climate change management agenda has been adopted with new goals, targets and objectives for adaptation to climate change. Based on this, an adaptation plan with measures and other relevant information will be prepared with the next NECP update in 2024.
In 2019 Lithuania prepared an evaluation of the implementation of the intended goals, objectives and measures. In 2021 National climate change management agenda has been adopted with new goals, targets and objectives for adaptation to climate change. Based on this, an adaptation plan with measures and other relevant information will be prepared with the next NECP update in 2024.
In 2019 Lithuania prepared an evaluation of the implementation of the intended goals, objectives and measures. In 2021 National climate change management agenda has been adopted with new goals, targets and objectives for adaptation to climate change. Based on this, an adaptation plan with measures and other relevant information will be prepared with the next NECP update in 2024.
In 2019 Lithuania prepared an evaluation of the implementation of the intended goals, objectives and measures. In 2021 National climate change management agenda has been adopted with new goals, targets and objectives for adaptation to climate change. Based on this, an adaptation plan with measures and other relevant information will be prepared with the next NECP update in 2024.
A study identifying the vulnerability to climate change of the individual sectors, risk assessment and opportunities to adapt to climate change, the most efficient adaptation measures and evaluation indicators was accomplished in 2015. In 2023, a study 'Preparation of climate change projections, a national study on the sensitivity and vulnerability of Lithuanian municipalities to climate change and preparation of a plan for adaptation of the most sensitive municipality' is being prepared.
In 2019 Lithuania prepared an evaluation of the implementation of the intended goals, objectives and measures. In 2021 National climate change management agenda has been adopted with new goals, targets and objectives for adaptation to climate change. Based on this, an adaptation plan with measures and other relevant information will be prepared with the next NECP update in 2024.
Good practices and lessons learnt
2020-2024, the Ministry of the Environment is working on the ClimAdapt-LT project to strengthen municipal adaptation to climate change. The project partners are the Lithuanian Association of Municipalities and the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities. The project will produce climate projections, prepare a climate vulnerability assessment, an adaptation plan for the most vulnerable municipality and trainings for municipal staff.
Cooperation and experience
Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR) and the EU Adaptation Strategy (adopted in 2021) have synergies with adaptation actions and are very important for its progress.
Lithuania has been active within the Baltic Sea Region Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan. Lithuanian non-governmental and academic institutions are also quite active in various regional projects being implemented in the area of adaptation to climate change. In these projects, the adaptation options to be applied at the local level are analysed and elaborated.
The Agenda sets goals and targets in the most vulnerable sectors which are relevant to transboundary cooperation. Transboundary cooperation is invoked responding to the need to address common challenges with relevant countries. The transboundary cooperation in flood risk management is organized within the framework of already existing intergovernmental agreements between Lithuania, Latvia and Poland to cooperate and exchange information and data in environmental fields. Transboundary cooperation is also ensured through the implementation of the four River basin management plans.
Overview of institutional arrangements and governance at the sub-national level (where “sub-national” refers to local and regional)
In the management of emergencies that may arise as a result of the effects of climate change, Lithuania seeks to ensure the planning and coordination of the activities of state and municipal authorities responsible for disaster risk management, prevention of emergencies arising from climate change, warning systems and response measures. Risks from extreme events had been set in municipal extreme situation management plans.
The guidelines for municipalities on preparing climate adaptation plans were developed by the Association of Local Authorities in Lithuania in 2017. No adaptation strategies or plans have been prepared by the Lithuanian municipalities after it.
The guidelines for municipalities on preparing climate adaptation plans were developed by the Association of Local Authorities in Lithuania in 2017. No adaptation strategies or plans have been prepared by the Lithuanian municipalities after it.
Horizontal and vertical coordination of the implementation of adaptation policy is ensured through the work of the National Climate Change Committee, it has the advisory role. Until 2023, the Committee consisted of experts from government, municipal, science and non-governmental organizations, from 2nd quarter of 2023 it will consist of the scientific community only. A representative of the Association of Lithuanian Municipalities, representing 60 Lithuanian municipalities and districts, was included in the interinstitutional working group for the preparation of the NECP and other activities. To develop sectorial programs, related documents and select measures as well as indicators working groups are being created.
The regions and municipalities implementing different projects, including projects for adaptation to climate change. Flood risk has received the most attention at the sub-national level, so the EU-funded adaptation projects focus on coastal management and flood risks and are implemented across local and regional authorities.
Municipalities, together with relevant national-level ministries, are responsible for the implementation of the National Climate Change Management agenda and achieving goals and targets of it, as well as implementing certain adaptation measures of the Action Plan - NECP.
No adaptation strategies or plans have been prepared under the Covenant of Mayor's initiative by the Lithuanian municipalities. Only the municipalities of Panevezys district and Klaipeda city developed adaptation action plans to improve local adaptive capacity and infrastructure resilience. The municipalities have developed emergency management plans, and some of them included climate change risk in it. However, 8 Lithuanian cities (Alytus City, Kedainiai District Municipality, Klaipeda City, Panevežys City, Taurage District Municipality, Ukmerge District Municipality, Utena District Municipality and Vilnius City) participate in the EU mission 'Adaptation to climate change'.
No adaptation strategies or plans have been prepared under the Covenant of Mayor's initiative by the Lithuanian municipalities. Only the municipalities of Panevezys district and Klaipeda city developed adaptation action plans to improve local adaptive capacity and infrastructure resilience. The municipalities have developed emergency management plans, and some of them included climate change risk in it. However, 8 Lithuanian cities (Alytus City, Kedainiai District Municipality, Klaipeda City, Panevežys City, Taurage District Municipality, Ukmerge District Municipality, Utena District Municipality and Vilnius City) participate in the EU mission 'Adaptation to climate change'.
8 Lithuanian cities (Alytus City, Kedainiai District Municipality, Klaipeda City, Panevežys City, Taurage District Municipality, Ukmerge District Municipality, Utena District Municipality and Vilnius City) participate in the EU mission 'Adaptation to climate change'. This will help Lithuanian municipalities to cooperate and coordinate intentions with stakeholders, develop various activities and will show bigger engagement and willingness to tackle the challenges of climate change.
In 2022 different stakeholders had been involved to identify the sensitivity and vulnerability of Lithuanian municipalities to climate change. The different specialists from various fields and organizations had been involved and expressed their opinion about the seven sectors selected for the assessment (public health; agriculture; biodiversity, ecosystem services and forestry; water resources and the coastal zone; energy; infrastructure; extreme situations) that are affected by the effects of climate change. The result had been used to identify the risk and most vulnerable municipality.
In 2022 different stakeholders had been involved to identify the sensitivity and vulnerability of Lithuanian municipalities to climate change. The different specialists from various fields and organizations had been involved and expressed their opinion about the seven sectors selected for the assessment (public health; agriculture; biodiversity, ecosystem services and forestry; water resources and the coastal zone; energy; infrastructure; extreme situations) that are affected by the effects of climate change. The result had been used to identify the risk and most vulnerable municipality.
The City of Vilnius has implemented a project called 'Green Vilnius' to adapt to climate change by increasing the city's green infrastructure. The project includes planting trees, bushes, and other vegetation, as well as the creation of green roofs and walls. Companies and organizations had been invited to participate in the Green Wave by planting their purchased plants independently or by donating them to Vilnius together with a planting service. During the year of the Green Wave, companies planted more than 20,000 trees. These measures help to reduce the urban heat island effect, improve air quality, and mitigate the risk of flooding. As part of this project, Vilnius City Municipality aims to assess the environmental greenness index in construction projects. Following the example of Helsinki, architects and urban planners have developed a methodology for calculating the greenness index adapted to Lithuanian cities based on the initiative of the 'Create Lithuania' programme. Although it is not legally obligatory for designers to calculate the index yet, Vilnius is already trying to assess the greenness index for new projects. The Vilnius Green Index also assesses the damage caused by construction to the existing environment and the ecosystem, as well as the total area of the site, the built-up area, and the area of impermeable and semi-permeable pavements. Separate scores are assigned to lawns, grassland, shrubs, green roofs, water surfaces and trees. The greenness index can be measured both in the preparation of design proposals and in the preparation of the technical design, in this way, Vilnius Municipality's specialists hope that the tool will help to prepare solutions more smoother. The Ministry of the Environment is also exploring the potential of the tool for quality assurance of dependent green spaces.
Only 2 municipalities developed adaptation action plans to improve local adaptive capacity and infrastructure resilience, now they are planning to update them.
A review of NECP is planned in 2023 and will be implemented by new adaptation measures based on updated Strategy goals and tasks.
8 Lithuanian cities (Alytus City, Kedainiai District Municipality, Klaipeda City, Panevežys City, Taurage District Municipality, Ukmerge District Municipality, Utena District Municipality and Vilnius City) participate in the EU mission 'Adaptation to climate change'.
Good practices and lessons learnt
Climate risk communication; Stakeholder engagement
In 2020-2022, in addition to events organised by the Ministry of Environment and other governmental institutions, municipalities, together with the public, NGOs, and educational institutions were also invited to organise their own events during Climate Week. The municipal interest grows every year, 2022 Climate Week was dedicated to the adaptation to climate change in the municipalities, and the conference 'Climate change and cities: will flowering meadows help sinking streets?' was organised.
Adaptation priorities; Coordination mechanisms
The current situation shows that municipalities need more knowledge on how to implement climate change policies at the municipal level. To fill this knowledge gap, guidelines have been developed together with experts from Norway, to help local authorities to achieve their objectives. However, no municipality has made use of the guidelines to prepare its adaptation plan. This showed that municipalities still lack knowledge of what threats they should prepare for to become more resilient.
Disaster risk reduction and management, innovative adaptation solutions and innovative financing mechanisms
In Lithuania the practice of removing river dams has gained popularity in recent years. The objective is to revive the natural flow of rivers and their ecosystems while preventing flooding in downstream areas. Salantas River dam removal reinstated the river's natural floodplain, provided better habitats for fish, birds. Brazuole River dam demolition enhanced the river's natural flow. Dubysa River dam removal facilitated restoration of river's natural ecosystem and improved fish migration.
Ministry of Environment
Climate policy group
Coordinating adaptation policies
Judita Liukaityte-Kukiene
National focal point for adaptation
Relevant websites and social media source
[Disclaimer]
The source of information presented in these pages is the reporting of EU Member States under 'Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action' and the voluntary reporting of EEA Member Countries.'