Europe's state of water 2024: the need for improved water resilience (EEA report 07/24)

The EEA report "Europe's State of Water 2024" underscores the growing pressure on Europe’s water resources, particularly from agriculture, which is the largest consumer of water and a major source of pollution from nutrients and pesticides. Climate change is expected to exacerbate this pressure by increasing water demand for irrigation, making adaptation essential to safeguarding water supplies.

The report highlights that despite some progress, Europe’s waters continue to suffer from significant pollution and habitat degradation. Only 37% of surface waters meet the ecological standards set by the EU, and just 29% have good chemical status. Climate change is a key factor worsening these challenges, with altered weather patterns intensifying water stress and complicating management efforts.

Groundwater, which is essential for drinking water and agricultural use, is in relatively better shape, with 77% meeting good chemical status. However, persistent pollution from pesticides and nutrients remains a challenge, made worse by changing climate conditions.

To adapt to climate change, the report emphasizes the need for more efficient water use across agriculture, industry, and households. Reducing water consumption, setting targets for efficiency, and improving management practices are critical to enhancing resilience. Nature-based solutions, such as restoring wetlands, floodplains, and rivers, are also highlighted as vital strategies.

This EEA report is the largest assessment on the health of Europe’s water bodies, involving more than 120 000 surface water bodies and 3.8 million km² groundwater body area across the EU and Norway. The report is based on data reported from 19 EU Member States. It represents 85% of surface water bodies and 87% of groundwater body area in the EU-27.