ICES status report on climate change in the North Atlantic

This document reviews the range of climate‐change impacts that have been reported from the North Atlantic and discusses potential future changes to the ecological processes of marine systems. The data used to document and illustrate this report come not only from published literature, but also from ICES data and contributions from experts who are members of ICES expert groups. It is important to note that, since its foundation in 1902, ICES has promoted the establishment of monitoring programmes that have been collecting oceanographic data along the coast and in the open ocean, covering much of the North Atlantic. Consequently, the North Atlantic is the most sampled oceanic region in the world, with the best coverage and background of data. Routine long‐term surveillance by ICES partners across a network of sampling sites makes this region unique in terms of observational facilities, moored instruments, and data collections.