Regional and local adaptation to climate change

Climate change is a reality recognized since the mid-19th century, with greenhouse gases known to warm the Earth. Human activity is largely responsible for the unprecedented rise in global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution. Efforts such as the Paris Agreement aim to limit global warming, with goals to keep it well below 2°C, ideally under 1.5°C. Mitigation and adaptation are crucial to addressing climate change.

The European Union (EU) has been actively developing tools and policies for climate adaptation, with artificial intelligence emerging as a promising technology. At COP28 in 2023, a framework for achieving the Global Goal on Adaptation was adopted, emphasizing the key role of local and regional authorities in implementing adaptation measures. Challenges include the need for more nature-based solutions, better knowledge dissemination, increased financing, and improved collaboration with the insurance sector. Despite barriers like limited resources, lack of knowledge, and funding difficulties, there are successful case studies of overcoming these challenges.

Nature-based solutions are gaining traction, and initiatives like Climate-ADAPT and the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy help bridge knowledge gaps. Although funding opportunities for adaptation exist, local authorities often struggle to access them due to lack of awareness, expertise, and resources. Also the insurance sector is adapting to better manage climate risks, but accurate data collection remains essential.

Effective climate adaptation strategies are in place across Europe, but addressing maladaptation and ensuring robust monitoring and evaluation are critical.

Experts recommend involving local and regional authorities, whose expertise is vital in developing and implementing effective climate adaptation initiatives.